英国伦敦拍卖会精品推荐 清代犀牛角杯一对

英国伦敦拍卖会精品推荐

清代犀牛角杯一对

成都博古轩拍卖有限公司【藏.荐】栏 为藏品强大的传播效应向各位买家推荐经国家一级鉴定专家甄选的艺术珍品,为藏家牵线搭桥,让千百件艺术珍品价值被发掘与重视,在拍卖会上得以高价成交。

Chengdu Boguxuan Auction Co., Ltd. [Tibet. Recommendation] column recommends art treasures selected by experts at the first level of national appraisal to buyers for the powerful dissemination effect of the collection. It helps collectors to bridge the gap, so that the value of thousands of art treasures can be excavated and valued, and high prices can be concluded at the auction.

【名称】清代犀牛角杯一对

【规格】底径：6cm X 9cm 高度：10cm X 9.8cm

【类别】杂项类

[Name] A pair of rhinoceros horn cups in Qing Dynasty

[Specification] Bottom Diameter: 6cm X 9cm Height: 10cm X 9.8cm

[Category] Miscellaneous

犀角之所以如此珍贵有名，其一古人有把犀牛形象作为崇拜物的习俗，如青铜铸造、瓷器刻画等的图案，认为犀牛可以辟邪、镇凶、保平安。此外还有一个更重要的原因，犀角本身就是一种名贵的药材。它不象牛角等长在头顶，而是长在鼻子上，是由角质层纤维化而成的，有较粗的直线纹，互不连接，角上有一深沟，犀角底部还有小沙眼，形似蜂窝状。其呈圆锥型，稍有弯曲，长短不等，在十五至三十厘米之间，表面为乌黑色，内中渐浅，为灰褐色，也有浅灰黄色，性寒、味苦酸咸，具有清热解毒、凉血止血、镇惊等功效。李时珍《本草·犀》说：“犀角，番名‘低密’，弘景曰‘入药为犀生者为佳’。”根据明代曹明仲《格古要论》论述，犀角有肥瘦之分，有黄、有黑，有淡如碧玉，黑中有黄花、黄中有黑花，“凡器皿要滋润，粟纹绽花者好，其色黑如漆、黄如肃，上下相连，云头雨脚分明者为佳”。

犀角又分为亚洲犀角和非洲犀角。亚洲犀角的长度一般在一尺左右，犀角的纤维粗，表皮和内肉呈现出像甘蔗纤维的粗丝状纤维。底部断口的切面也类似甘蔗的断面，有比较密集的细小粒点，被称为“鱼子纹”或“粟纹”。亚洲犀角的角质比较柔韧，棕褐色像深色蜂蜜，且不透明，角的正前方上部有一凹槽，在杯底的边缘上经常可看到凹进一段，角的正后方下部又有一条凸起，使杯的口部不是规整的正椭圆形，这种现象俗称“天沟地岗”。非洲犀角比较长且大，一前一后两个角，前长后短，最长的可达到二尺六七寸长。非洲犀角的角质看上去胶质感强，纤维比较细密，内肉呈半透明状，角也不如亚洲犀角柔韧，显得脆硬，受到干湿气候的影响时会裂，药用价值也低很多。非洲犀角大多出现在清晚期，从广州进口，故又被内地人称为“广角”，广角没有天沟地岗的现象。

由于犀角的珍贵稀有，用来雕刻纯为实用的器具不多，通常以雕刻艺术品为主，兼具实用功能。犀角的原始形状为圆锥体，下端较大中空，上端尖锐，与其它角所不同的是犀角根部粗大，易于雕成杯形，因其价格昂贵，雕刻者不愿稍有所费，所以往往将它倒转过来制成盛器。另一方面，在古代，以犀角杯盛酒而饮是当时达官贵人的一种时尚生活方式。因犀角有清热解毒、定惊止血的功能，工匠把犀角做成酒杯，希望犀角的药性能溶于酒中，在饮酒的同时，达到治病强身的目的，因此历史上传下来的多为犀角杯。此外由于年代久远犀角会被侵蚀，所以流传下来的犀角雕刻品少之又少，全国存世的还不足5000件，而且基本都是明清时期的作品。

犀角杯按雕刻的题材大致可分成花卉动物、仿古题材、人物山水以及素面四个大类，其中尤以花卉动物最为珍贵。

近日我公司有幸征集到一件犀牛角杯，藏品重：534g X 713.5g 底径：底径：6cm X 9cm 高度：10cm X 9.8cm

是存世稀少的一种，价格昂贵，收藏升级市场极大，极其具有收藏意义。

The rhinoceros horn is so precious and famous. One of the ancients used the rhinoceros image as an object of worship, such as bronze casting, ceramic depiction and so on. They believed that rhinoceros could ward off evil spirits, calm down evil spirits and keep peace. In addition, there is a more important reason, rhinoceros horn itself is a valuable medicine. It is not the same length as horns on the top of the head, but on the nose. It is made of fibrosis of the cuticle. It has thick straight lines and is not connected with each other. There is a deep groove on the horn. There is also a small trachoma at the bottom of the rhino horn, which is like a honeycomb. Its shape is conical, slightly curved, and its length varies from 15 to 30 centimeters. Its surface is dark black, its interior is shallow, and it is grayish brown. It also has light grayish yellow, cold, bitter and salty taste. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, cooling blood, stopping bleeding and suppressing shock. Li Shizhen's "Materia Medica Rhinoceros" said: "Rhinoceros horn, the pseudonym"low density". Hongjing said that"rhinoceros is better when used as medicine." According to Cao Mingzhong's Gegu Yao Lun of Ming Dynasty, rhino horns are fat and thin, yellow and black, light as jasper, yellow and yellow as black, "Every utensil should be moisturized, miliary grain blossoms are good, its color is black as paint, yellow as su, up and down, and the clouds and rains are clear as feet."

Rhinoceros horn can be divided into Asian rhinoceros horn and African rhinoceros horn. The length of Asian rhinoceros horn is about one foot. The fibers of rhinoceros horn are thick. The epidermis and inner flesh show thick filamentous fibers like sugarcane fibers. The cut surface of the bottom fracture is similar to the section of sugarcane. It has dense fine grains, which are called "fish grain" or "millet grain". Asian rhinoceros horn has flexible horn, dark brown like honey, and opaque. There is a groove in the front and upper part of the horn. A concave section is often seen on the edge of the bottom of the cup, and a protrusion at the bottom and right of the horn, which makes the mouth of the cup not a regular oval shape. This phenomenon is commonly known as "Tiangou Digang". African rhinoceros horn is relatively long and large, one front and two back horns, the front and back length is short, the longest can reach 2 feet 67 inches long. African rhinoceros horn has strong gum, fine fibers, translucent inner flesh and brittle horns, which are not as flexible as Asian rhinoceros horn. It will crack when affected by dry and wet climate, and its medicinal value is much lower. African rhinoceros horn mostly appeared in the late Qing Dynasty. It was imported from Guangzhou, so it was also called "wide angle" by the mainland people. There was no trench and hill in wide angle.

Because rhinoceros horn is precious and rare, there are few practical tools for sculpture. Usually, sculpture works of art are the main ones, which have both practical functions. The original shape of rhinoceros horn is a cone, with large hollow bottom and sharp upper end. Unlike other horns, the root of rhinoceros horn is thick and easy to be carved into cup shape. Because of its high price, the sculptor is unwilling to pay a little money, so it is often turned upside down to make a container. On the other hand, in ancient times, drinking with rhinoceros horn cups was a fashionable way of life for the dignitaries at that time. Because rhinoceros horn has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, fixing shock and stopping bleeding, craftsmen make rhinoceros horn into wine cups, hoping that the medicinal properties of rhinoceros horn can be dissolved in wine, while drinking, to achieve the purpose of curing diseases and strengthening the body, so most of the rhinoceros horn cups passed down in history. In addition, because the rhinoceros horn will be eroded for a long time, so few rhinoceros horn sculptures are handed down. There are less than 5,000 pieces of rhinoceros horn sculptures surviving in the whole country, and they are basically works of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Rhinoceros horn cup can be roughly divided into four categories according to the theme of carving: flower animals, antique subjects, characters, landscapes and plain surface, among which flower animals are the most precious.Recently, our company has the honor to collect a rhinoceros horn cup. Its collection weight is 534g X 713.5g bottom diameter: 6cm X 9cm height: 10cm X 9.8cm.It is a kind of rare in the world. It is very expensive. The market of collection upgrade is huge, and it has great collection significance.

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