圆明园十二生肖玉酒杯罗罗

藏品推荐：《圆明园十二兽首玉酒杯》

【名称】《圆明园十二兽首玉酒杯》

【类别】玉器

【材质】镀金 和田玉

【规格】一套12枚

【藏品内容】

 

 十二生肖铜像由欧洲传教士郎世宁主持设计，清宫廷匠师制作，是展现中西方文化交融的 艺术珍品，在国际上具有极高的艺术价值和鉴赏价值。设计者充分考虑到中国的民俗文化，以十二生肖的坐像取代了西方喷泉设计中常用的人体雕塑。生肖铜像身躯为石雕穿着袍服的造型，头部为写实风格造型，铸工精细，兽首上的褶皱和绒毛等细微之处，都清晰逼真。铸造兽首所选用的材料为当时清廷精炼的红铜，外表色泽深沉、内蕴精光，历经百年而不锈蚀，堪称一绝。据考证，当年十二生肖铜像呈八字形排列在圆明园海晏堂前的一个水池两边，被时人称为“水力钟”。每日，十二生肖铜像会依次轮流喷水，分别代表全日不同时分，正午时分时，十二像会同时涌射。海晏堂十二生肖喷泉是按照我国十二生肖设计的喷泉时钟，每到一个时辰，属于该时辰的生肖钟就会自动喷水，正午十二点时，十二生肖则同时喷水，设计极为精巧。海晏堂正楼朝西，上下各十一间，楼门左右有叠落式喷水槽，阶下为一大型喷水池，池左右呈"八"字形排列着这十二生肖人身兽头铜像。每昼夜十二个时辰，由十二生肖依次轮流喷水，俗称"水力钟"。

The bronze statue of the Chinese zodiac is designed by Lang shining, a European missionary, and produced by a craftsman in the Qing Dynasty. It is an art treasure showing the integration of Chinese and Western cultures, and has a high artistic value and appreciation value in the world. Taking Chinese folk culture into full consideration, the designer replaced the human body sculpture commonly used in Western fountain design with the sitting figure of the Chinese zodiac. The body of the bronze statue of the Chinese zodiac is the shape of a stone statue in a robe, and the head is the shape of a realistic style, with fine foundry work. The folds and fluff on the head of the animal are clear and lifelike. The material used to cast the beast head was red copper refined by the Qing government at that time. It had a deep color on the outside and a fine connotation. It had not rusted after a hundred years, which was a unique one. According to the research, the bronze statues of the twelve zodiac animals were arranged on both sides of a pool in front of the Haiyan Hall of the Yuanmingyuan in the shape of eight characters, which was called "hydraulic bell" by the time. Every day, the bronze statues of the Chinese Zodiac will spray water in turn, representing different times of the day. At noon, the twelve statues will shoot at the same time. Haiyantang twelve zodiac fountain is a fountain clock designed according to the twelve zodiac of our country. Every hour, the zodiac clock belonging to that hour will automatically spray water. At twelve noon, the twelve zodiac will spray water at the same time. The design is extremely exquisite. The main building of Haiyan hall faces to the west, with 11 upper and 11 lower rooms respectively. There are stacked water spouts on the left and right sides of the door. Under the steps is a large-scale water fountain. The bronze statues of human and animal heads of the twelve zodiac animals are arranged in an "eight" shape on the left and right sides of the fountain. Twelve hours every day and night, by the twelve zodiac in turn water spray, commonly known as "water clock."

十二生肖像原是在圆明园西洋楼，海晏堂前的扇形水池喷水台南北两岸12石台上的。南岸分别为子鼠、寅虎、辰龙、午马、申猴、戌狗；北岸则分别为丑牛、卯兔、巳蛇、未羊、酉鸡、亥猪。这些肖像皆兽首人身，头部为铜质，身躯为石质，中空连接喷水管，每隔一个时辰（两小时），代表该时辰的生肖像，便从口中喷水；正午时分，十二生肖像口中同时涌射喷泉，蔚为奇观。这些青铜生肖雕像高50公分，雕刻精细，为清代青铜器中的精品。

The twelve zodiac statues were originally on 12 stone platforms on the South and north sides of the fan-shaped water fountain in front of the Western Tower of the Yuanmingyuan and Haiyan hall. On the south bank are zirat, Yinhu, Chenlong, Wuma, Shenhou and Xugou; on the north bank are Chou Niu, Mao rabbit, Si snake, Wei Yang, Youji and Hai pig. These portraits are all animal heads and human bodies. Their heads are made of copper and their bodies are made of stone. They are hollow and connected with water pipes. Every other hour (two hours), they represent the Chinese zodiac at that time, and they spray water from their mouths. At noon, the mouth of the twelve Chinese Zodiac figures gushes into the fountain at the same time, which is a wonder. These bronze statues of the Chinese zodiac are 50 cm high, with fine carvings. They are the best of Qing Dynasty bronze wares.

池正中是一个高约两米的蛤蜊石雕，池两旁呈八字形各排出6个石座。每一座石上雕刻着身穿袍服的兽首人身像，兽首是铜质，人身是石质。它们按中国十二生肖规律排列，每隔一个时辰(合今天的两小时)，代表该时辰的兽首就口中喷水，水呈抛物线状注入池中，即子时(23时至次日1时)时分，鼠首铜像口中喷射水柱；丑时(1时至3时)时分，牛首铜像口中喷射水柱。正午12点整，除马首继续喷水外，其他十一动物铜像的口中也一齐喷射水柱，刹那间场面极为壮观。因此，人们只要看到那个生肖头像口中喷射水柱，就可知道时间。这一组喷泉就是一个巨大别致的水利时钟。

In the middle of the pool is a clam stone carving about two meters high. On both sides of the pool, there are six stone bases in the shape of eight characters. Each stone is carved with the head of a beast in robes, which is made of copper and the body of a man is made of stone. They are arranged according to the law of the Chinese zodiac. Every other hour (two hours today), the animal head representing that time sprays water in its mouth, and the water is injected into the pool in a parabola shape. That is to say, at midnight (23 to 1 o'clock the next day), the rat head bronze statue spouts water in its mouth; at ugly time (1 to 3 o'clock), the cow head bronze statue spouts water in its mouth. At 12 o'clock noon, in addition to the horse's head continuing to spray water, the mouths of other 11 bronze animals also spray water together, which is a spectacular scene in an instant. As a result, people can know the time as long as they see the water jet from the mouth of the head portrait of the Chinese zodiac. This group of fountains is a huge unique water clock.

真正价值

　　法国佳士得拍卖行北京时间昨天凌晨在巴黎拍卖了中国圆明园流失文物鼠首和兔首铜像，两个兽首分别以1400万欧元的价格被一电话买家买走。

面对这一拍卖结果，中国拍卖行业协会副秘书长郑鑫尧昨天在接受记者采访时表示，从1985年马首铜像售价的1500美元到这次鼠首和兔首铜像分别拍出1400万欧元，圆明园兽首铜像24年涨了1.2万倍。仅仅从纯粹的艺术品拍卖市场角度看，如今的价格也远远大于这两件文物的内在价值。因此，他呼吁国人要警惕有人利用我们的民族感情进行恶意商业炒作。

true value

Christie's auction house in France auctioned the bronze statues of rat head and rabbit head lost from the Chinese Old Summer Palace in Paris in the early morning of Beijing time yesterday. The two animal heads were bought by a telephone buyer for 14 million euros respectively.

In the face of the auction results, Zheng Xinyao, Deputy Secretary General of China Auction Industry Association, said in an interview yesterday that from the sale price of 1500 US dollars of horse head bronze statue in 1985 to the 14 million euros of rat head and rabbit head bronze statue respectively, the 24-year increase of 12000 times of Yuanmingyuan beast head bronze statue. Only from the perspective of pure art auction market, today's price is far greater than the intrinsic value of these two cultural relics. Therefore, he called on the Chinese people to be alert to the use of our national feelings for malicious commercial speculation.

　　据郑鑫尧介绍，圆明园兽首铜像，又称圆明园十二生肖铜兽首、圆明园十二生肖人身兽首铜像。圆明园兽首铜像原为圆明园海晏堂外喷泉的一部分，是清乾隆年间的红铜铸像，也是原圆明园喷水池中“水力钟”的喷头。该“水力钟”的全称为“十二生肖报时喷泉”。十二生肖兽首铜像呈“八”字形，分列在喷水池两旁的人身石台上。每个动物就是一个喷泉机关，每到一个时辰，相应的动物口中就会喷水两个小时。2009年2月25日 鼠首铜像被拍卖

　　上世纪80年代仅为1500美元

郑鑫尧说，1985年，一位美国古董商在加利福尼亚州一处私人住宅内无意中发现了圆明园马首铜像，和它在一起的还有牛首和虎首铜像。这位古董商以每尊1500美元的低价买下了这三件铜首。从1987年到1989年，这三件圆明园铜兽首以及猴首铜像相继出现在纽约和伦敦的拍卖会上，当时最高成交价是马首，仅为25万美元。

According to Zheng Xinyao, the bronze statue of the beast head in Yuanmingyuan, also known as the bronze beast head of the twelve animals in Yuanmingyuan and the bronze statue of the human beast head of the twelve animals in Yuanmingyuan. The bronze statue of beast head in Yuanmingyuan was originally a part of the fountain outside the Haiyan Hall of Yuanmingyuan. It was made of red copper during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and it was also the nozzle of the "water clock" in the fountain of Yuanmingyuan. The full name of the "water clock" is "the fountain for the time reporting of the Chinese Zodiac". The bronze statue of the animal head of the twelve zodiac animals is in the shape of "eight", which is arranged on the stone platform of human body on both sides of the fountain. Every animal is a fountain mechanism. Every hour, the corresponding animal mouth will spray water for two hours. On February 25, 2009, the bronze statue of rat head was auctioned

Only $1500 in the 1980s

Zheng Xinyao said that in 1985, an American antique dealer accidentally found a bronze statue of horse head in Yuanmingyuan in a private house in California, along with the bronze statues of ox head and tiger head. The antique dealer bought the three copper heads for $1500 each. From 1987 to 1989, the three bronze statues of Yuanmingyuan and monkey head appeared in the auctions in New York and London. At that time, the highest transaction price was horse head, only 250000 US dollars.

　　香港拍卖令国人认识了圆明园兽首

　　2000年4月底和5月初，在香港佳士得和香港苏富比的拍卖会上，牛首、猴首和虎首铜像现身。当时，这两家拍卖公司拍卖流失文物的做法，引起了中国香港和内地社会各界的极大愤慨。最终中国保利集团公司毅然参拍，以774.5万元港币拍得牛首、818.5万元港币竞得猴首，而虎首则以1544.475万港币成交(价格均包含拍卖公司佣金)。

2007年9月初，苏富比拍卖公司发布消息称，将以“八国联军-圆明园遗物”专拍之名拍卖马首铜像。消息传出，各界哗然。中华抢救流失海外文物专项基金率先发表声明“坚决反对公开拍卖马首铜像”，并提出应以公益方式实现马首回归。关键时刻，港澳爱国企业家、国宝工程顾问何鸿燊博士于9月20日拍卖会举行之前以6910万元港币购得马首铜像，并宣布将其捐赠国家。唯一没有拍卖公司介入、而是以公益方式回归的是猪首铜像，不过也与何鸿燊有关。美国收藏家同意将猪首铜像转让给该专项基金。2003年9月，何鸿燊向该专项基金捐款人民币600余万元将猪首铜像购回。

Hong Kong auction has made Chinese people know the beast head of Yuanmingyuan

At the auction of Christie's and Sotheby's in Hong Kong at the end of April and the beginning of May 2000, bronze statues of ox head, monkey head and tiger head appeared. At that time, the two auction companies auctioned the lost cultural relics, which aroused great indignation from all walks of life in Hong Kong and Mainland China. In the end, Poly Group of China resolutely participated in the auction, winning Niushou with HK $7.745 million and houshou with HK $8.185 million, while hushou won with HK $15.4447 million (the price includes the Commission of the auction company).

At the beginning of September 2007, Sotheby's auction company announced that it would auction the bronze statue of horse head in the name of "the relics of Yuanmingyuan, the eighth allied army". When the news came out, there was a great uproar from all walks of life. China's special fund for salvaging lost overseas cultural relics took the lead in issuing a statement "resolutely opposed to the public auction of bronze statues of horse heads", and proposed that the return of horse heads should be realized by means of public welfare. At a crucial moment, Dr. ho hung Shen, a patriotic entrepreneur from Hong Kong and Macao and a consultant of the national treasure project, bought the bronze statue of horse head with HK $69.1 million before the auction on September 20 and announced that he would donate it to the country. The only one that did not involve auction companies but returned in a public interest way was the pig head bronze statue, which was also related to Mr Ho. American collectors agreed to transfer the pig head bronze statue to the special fund. In September 2003, Mr. ho donated more than 6 million yuan to the special fund to buy back the pig head bronze statue.

　　1400万欧元远大于文物真正价值何鸿燊将马首铜像购回

　　郑鑫尧表示，这次鼠首和兔首铜像在巴黎分别拍出1400万欧元的价格从商业角度看，完全匪夷所思。著名文物专家、中国文物学会名誉会长谢辰生昨天表示，鼠首和兔首铜像仅仅是建筑构件，如果不跟圆明园联系起来，如果不跟英法联军侵略联系起来，价值就不可能是很高的。因为有了这个联系，它就有了新的价值，这个价值就是国耻的见证。

中国文物学会副会长李晓东昨天也认为，圆明园兽首的价格完全是被炒作起来的。它们作为建筑构件，离开了建筑，其价值就大为降低，大打折扣了。所以它们不像一幅宋代很有名的画和一尊商代很完整的青铜器那么有独立的价值。现在这样的炒作，助长了商人谋利的需求。所以说，第一次拍卖，3尊铜像也就3000万元港币左右。到了2007年，一个马首就6910万元港币，都是这么炒上去的。这次巴黎的拍卖，从商业运作上来讲，自然要高于6910万元港币的这么一个价格。所以整个过程就是一种商业炒作，并不反映这两件文物真正的价值。

14 million euros is far greater than the real value of cultural relics

Zheng Xinyao said that the price of 14 million euros for the bronze statues of mouse head and rabbit head in Paris was totally inconceivable from a commercial point of view. Xie Chensheng, a famous cultural relic expert and honorary president of the Chinese society of cultural relics, said yesterday that the bronze statues of rat head and rabbit head are only building components. If they are not connected with the Yuanmingyuan, if they are not connected with the invasion of the British and French allied forces, their value cannot be very high. Because of this connection, it has a new value, which is the witness of national humiliation.

Li Xiaodong, vice president of the Chinese society of cultural relics, also thought yesterday that the price of Yuanmingyuan's animal head was completely hyped. As building components, without buildings, their value will be greatly reduced. So they are not as valuable as a famous painting of Song Dynasty and a complete bronze ware of Shang Dynasty. Now such hype has encouraged the demand of businessmen for profits. So for the first auction, the three bronze statues cost about 30 million Hong Kong dollars. By 2007, a horse head was worth 69.1 million Hong Kong dollars, which is how it was fried. In terms of commercial operation, this auction in Paris is naturally higher than the price of HK $69.1 million. So the whole process is a kind of commercial hype, which does not reflect the real value of these two cultural relics.

 铜像流失

　　在第二次鸦片战争中，英法联军入侵中国，攻陷北京，将圆明园内无数珍宝劫掠一空，掠走了十二个青铜兽首，致使这批国宝流失于海外一百多年。

　　十二生肖像是展现中西方文化交融的艺术珍品，在国际上具有极高的艺术价值和鉴赏价值。当年侵略军抢劫时，也是将其作为最珍贵的宝物对待的。得到它们的，也是有特殊身份的人。

　　1860年，英法联军烧毁圆明园，圆明园十二生肖铜像自此流失海外，成为中国文物流失的一个缩影——鸦片战争后百余年间，因战争、抢掠、盗凿等流失海外的中国文物多达百万件。　

Loss of bronze statue

In the second Opium War, the British and French allied forces invaded China and captured Beijing. They plundered all the treasures in the Old Summer Palace and took away twelve bronze animal heads, resulting in the loss of these national treasures overseas for more than 100 years.

The twelve zodiac statues are the art treasures that show the integration of Chinese and Western culture, and they have high artistic value and appreciation value in the world. When the invaders robbed, they also treated it as the most precious treasure. They are also acquired by people with special identities.

In 1860, the United Kingdom and France burned down the Old Summer Palace. Since then, the bronze statues of the twelve zodiac animals in the Old Summer Palace have been lost overseas, which has become a microcosm of the loss of Chinese cultural relics. During the hundred years after the Opium War, as a result of wars, looting, chiseling and other losses, there are as many as one million Chinese cultural relics lost overseas.

 

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