轩宇艺术：清朝巅峰的产物—百花不露地

百花不露地是瓷器釉上彩的一种表现手法，属于粉彩的一种，而粉彩瓷是珐琅彩之外，清宫廷又一创烧的彩瓷。在烧好的胎釉上施含砷物的粉底，涂上颜料后用笔洗开，由于砷的乳蚀作用颜色产生粉化效果。

Hundred flowers are not exposed to the ground is a kind of expression technique of porcelain glaze color, which belongs to a kind of powder color. Besides the enamel color, the powder color porcelain is another kind of color porcelain created and burned by the Qing court. The base of the burnt glaze is applied with arsenic. The pigment is painted and washed with a brush. The color of the glaze is produced due to the emulsion effect of arsenic.

早在清康熙年间，粉彩作为瓷器釉上彩绘艺术已开始了萌芽；到雍正时期，已趋成熟，并形成粉彩装饰的独特风格；乾隆时期粉彩已非常兴盛。粉彩的艺术效果，以秀丽雅致，粉润柔和见长，这与洁白精美的瓷质分不开，它们相互衬托，相映成趣，有机地结合起来。粉彩瓷在众多的清宫廷粉彩瓷中，慈禧粉彩简单率直，浓笔艳抹，富贵豪华而别具一格。红鸟牡丹富贵罐是其风格的经典之作。

As early as in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, pastel as the art of porcelain glaze painting has begun to sprout; to the Yongzheng period, it has become mature and formed a unique style of pastel decoration; in the Qianlong period, pastel has been very prosperous. The artistic effect of pastels is beautiful, elegant and soft, which is inseparable from the white and exquisite porcelain. They set off each other, contrast each other and combine organically. Among the numerous Qing Dynasty imperial porcelain, Cixi is simple and straightforward, rich and luxurious, and unique. The red bird and peony rich pot is a classic work of its style.

雍正早期有康熙五彩风格，粉彩纹饰多绘团花、团蝶、八桃蝙蝠（喻意多福多寿）、过枝花卉、水仙灵芝、仕女、麻姑献寿、婴戏等。纹饰明显疏朗、规整。

In the early days of Yongzheng, there was a colorful style of Kangxi. The pastel patterns were mostly painted with group flowers, group butterflies, eight peach bats (meaning more happiness and more longevity), flowers passing by branches, Narcissus lucidum, ladies, Ma Gu xianshou, baby plays, etc. The ornamentation is clear and regular.

粉彩是乾隆朝瓷器中所占此重较大的品种之一，在雍正瓷的基础上又有新的突破。乾隆粉彩中的一部分继承了雍正时期在肥润的白釉上绘疏朗艳丽纹饰的特点，如常见的折枝花卉盘、碗、小瓶、面盆、人物笔筒和大件器物鹿头尊等。

Pastel is one of the most important porcelains in Qianlong Dynasty. It has a new breakthrough on the basis of Yongzheng porcelains. Some of the Qianlong pastels inherited the characteristics of the sparse and gorgeous patterns painted on the plump white glaze during the Yongzheng period, such as the common folding flower plates, bowls, small bottles, basins, character pens and large implements such as deer head Zun.

粉彩瓷常见纹饰有花卉、八宝、云龙、罗汉、婴戏、石榴等。器型有瓶、笔筒、洗、盘、碗、茶壶、戟耳瓶等。粉彩器中有部分器物的内壁和底部施豆瓣绿釉，压凤尾纹粉彩器则仍多见各种色地，如黄、红、绿等。这一时期描金工艺的采用也较为普遍。因此粉彩最受大众喜爱的便是清代，尤其是乾隆、雍正时期。

The common patterns of pastel porcelain are flowers, Babao, Yunlong, Luohan, infant drama, pomegranate, etc. There are bottle, pen container, washing, plate, bowl, teapot, halberd ear bottle, etc. In the pastels, some of the inner walls and the bottom of the objects are covered with green glaze with bean petals, while in the pastels with Phoenix Tail patterns, there are still various colors, such as yellow, red and green. In this period, the adoption of gold tracing technology was also common. Therefore, the most popular is the Qing Dynasty, especially the Qianlong and Yongzheng period.

轩宇艺术有幸征得一件清代百花不露地内绿釉花口洗，其胎体厚重，釉质光润，折沿花口，弧腹，平底，器外绘有百花不露地纹，内施有绿釉，底部写有“乾隆御制”，乾隆御制就是乾隆时期皇家制造，此为稀缺珍贵之物，一直在宫廷延传，市场几无流通。器身绘有菊花、茶花、月季、荷花、百合、牵牛花等等各种小花朵图案，并且画有很精细的辅纹，让画面覆盖全器，器不露地，寓意百花呈瑞，盛世升平。花之形状、大小、正侧，各尽其致，繁密之极。造型古朴舒展，胎釉坚密温润，器表老气自然，笔触细腻，绘画工整，发色典雅，构图繁而有序、层次清晰，隽美潇洒，气韵流畅。极具收藏与欣赏价值。

Xuanyu art is lucky to get a green glaze flower mouth wash in the Qing Dynasty. It has a thick body, smooth glaze, fold along the flower mouth, arc belly, flat bottom, with a pattern of flowers on the outside, green glaze on the inside, and "Qianlong imperial system" on the bottom. Qianlong imperial system was made by the emperor's family in Qianlong period. It is a rare and precious thing, which has been passed on in the court and rarely circulated in the market. The body is painted with various small flower patterns such as chrysanthemum, camellia, rose, lotus, lily, morning glory and so on, and the painting has very fine auxiliary lines, so that the picture covers the whole device, and the utensil is not exposed to the ground, implying that all flowers are auspicious and prosperous. The shape, size and sides of the flowers are extremely dense. The shape is simple and stretchable, the body glaze is firm, dense and moist, the surface is old and natural, the strokes are delicate, the painting is neat, the hair color is elegant, the composition is complex and orderly, the level is clear, meaningful, beautiful and unrestrained, and the charm is smooth. It has great value of collection and appreciation.

“百花不露地”是清代在社会文化达到顶峰时的产物，在清乾隆时期的景德镇御窑厂，汇集了当代最著名的一批名工巧匠，令这个时期的瓷器，不论是数量还是质量上都达到了一个不可企及的高度，百花不露地就是这个时期产生的。这些在雍正淡描青花瓷和斗彩瓷上出现过的繁密图案，被称之为“百花图”也叫“万花献瑞图”但它的装饰形式则是开始于乾隆年间，都是以粉彩为之。盛开的百花有着吉祥如意和欣欣向荣之意。

"All flowers are not exposed" is the product of the peak of social culture in the Qing Dynasty. In the Jingdezhen imperial kiln during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a group of famous craftsmen gathered together, making the porcelain of this period, both in quantity and quality, have reached an unparalleled high level. All flowers are not exposed in this period. These dense patterns appeared in Yongzheng's light blue and white porcelain and doucai porcelain, known as "hundred flowers painting" or "ten thousand flowers offering auspicious painting", but their decorative forms began in the Qianlong period, all of which were based on pastels. The blooming flowers are auspicious and prosperous.

丰富艺术生活，传递艺术价值！如果您对此件瓷器感兴趣，欢迎联系轩宇（广州）艺术传媒有限公司！

Enrich art life and transfer art value! If you are interested in this porcelain, please contact Xuanyu (Guangzhou) art media Co., Ltd.

分享是一种美德，分享是一种快乐，学会分享，快乐他人！

Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a pleasure, learning to share, happy others!

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