儒行天弈精品推荐----开元通宝背府一组

天启通宝背府

天启通宝——明熹宗朱由校天启年间（公元1621—1627年）铸币。天启钱版别繁多，据统计有计有五十余种。其形制为初期铸小平，后始铸当十大钱。

明天启通宝钱主要有光背无文和背有文两大类，其背文比万历钱复杂，其中背铸有星月纹的种类亦不少；在背文中又分记重，记事，记局、记地等。

天启年初全国有三个造币中心，分别为两京及四川地区。后于天启三年（公元1628年），宦官魏忠贤专权，宦官乱政而至滥铸情况开始出现，地方钱局大量出现，因此所铸的天启钱版本极多，差异大。钱背文大量的出现记地，记局，记重等形式。

在繁复的版式背文中，明天启通宝钱有一种为背“府”当十形制大钱。所谓“府”，据考指的是京西第一府宣府（今河北宣化）。史料记载，明代户部曾在宣府设立中央铸钱局，鼓铸钱币，后因故停办。所以，背“府”钱，即指宣府钱局之铸币。

本品为“天启通宝背府”，其与入谱钱不一样，即其形制大于当十钱，径达43毫米余。因此，本品属于脱谱形制的大型钱，今十分罕见。

此钱的第二个特点，是钱体通体呈现黑色包浆，总重达57克，可基本断定其材质乃含铅锡量很高。根据明代天启年铸钱情况的记载，由于官铸钱泛滥，至铜料供应不足，这致使有的铸钱含铜量大降，有些已致含铜仅有三成。其中有一种用日本铅锡熔入铜液所铸的铜呈折色的“折沙钱”就是此时所铸。因此，根据此钱的黑色包浆和明天启年铸钱的特殊情况，愚见以为，本品钱正是掺入了较高铅锡后，致含铜量下降，从而呈现的“折沙钱”或者类似“折沙钱”。若如此，则此钱极具教科书意义和价值，因为，至今此类色质之明钱已经非常少见。

第三点点可圈可点之处在于，本品正背字廓皆为深竣高凸，边圆廓正而地章平整，穿口干净而规范，铸制可算规整。其中，钱文风格乃为明天启通宝大钱之典型书意，非私铸可比。其钱体可见多处坑洼，此应该是材质含铅锡量较高，而致质软在漫长的近四百年间抗冲击磕碰能力较弱所致。

综上所述，本品“天启通宝背府”大型钱，乃为开门之好钱，如此尺寸，如此貌相，依愚之所见，在背府钱中尚未有出其左右者。是故，尽管“天启通宝背府”钱是罕见品种，然而此钱也有其特殊价值，值得收藏和后期增值空间巨大。

Tianqi Tongbao Beifu

Tianqi Tongbao: Zhu Youxiao, Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty (1621-1627 A.D.) minted coins. According to statistics, there are more than 50 kinds of Tianqi coins. Its shape is Xiaoping in the early stage, then ten big coins.

Tomorrow's qitongbao coins mainly fall into two categories: light back, no paper and paper back. The paper back is more complicated than Wanli coins, and there are many kinds of star moon patterns on the back. In the paper back, there are also points of memorization, memorialization, bureau and land.

At the beginning of the year, Tianqi had three minting centers in China, namely, Liangjing and Sichuan. Later, in 1628, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian was in power. The eunuch's disorderly administration led the excessive casting, and the local money bureaus appeared in large numbers. Therefore, there were many versions of Tianqi money, with great differences. There are a lot of forms of Qian's back writing, such as remembering places, bureaus, and weights.

In the complicated layout, there is a big money of ten forms in qitongbao money tomorrow. The so-called "mansion" refers to Xuanfu, the first mansion in the west of Beijing (now Xuanhua, Hebei). According to historical records, the Ming Dynasty's Hubu once set up a central money casting Bureau in Xuanfu to drum up coins, which was closed for some reason. Therefore, the back "government" money refers to the coins of Xuanfu money Bureau.

This product is "Tianqi Tongbao Beifu", which is different from the recorded money, that is, its shape is larger than dangshiqian, with a diameter of more than 43mm. Therefore, this product belongs to the large-scale money in the form of off spectrum, which is very rare today.

The second feature of this coin is that the whole coin body is black coated, with a total weight of 57g. It can be concluded that its material is of high lead and tin content. According to the records of coinage in Tianqi year of Ming Dynasty, due to the flood of official coinage, the supply of copper materials was insufficient, which resulted in a great decrease of copper content in some coinage, and only 30% in some coinage. There is a kind of "sand money" which is made by melting Japanese lead tin into the copper liquid and the copper is folded. Therefore, according to the black coating of the money and the special situation of casting the money in tomorrow's new year, I think it's just after adding high lead tin, the copper content of the money in this product will decrease, thus presenting "sand money" or similar "sand money". If so, the money has great textbook significance and value, because so far, this kind of money is very rare.

The third point is that the shape of the back of the product is deep, high and convex, the edge is round, the ground is flat, the mouth is clean and standard, and the casting is regular. Among them, the style of Qian Wen is a typical book meaning of Qi Tong Bao's big money tomorrow, which is not privately cast and comparable. There are many potholes in the coin body, which should be caused by the high content of lead and tin in the material and the weak impact resistance of the soft material in the last 400 years.

To sum up, the large-scale money of this product "Tianqi Tongbao Beifu" is a good money to open the door. It's of such size and appearance. According to what you can see, there is no left or right in the money of Beifu. Therefore, although the "Tianqi Tongbao Beifu" money is a rare variety, it also has its special value, which is worth collecting and has a huge value-added space in the later period.