青铜匕首

青铜匕首

匕首是一种比剑更短小的刺砍两用兵器。其外形与剑相似。由于它短小易藏,多是作为近身格斗,贴身防卫或暗杀的适宜兵器。中国武术器械,短剑或狭长的短刀。其首形状类匕(古人取食的器具),因而得名。据传尧、舜时已有匕首。匕首短小锋利,携带方便,是近距离搏斗的有效武器。其用法主要有击、刺、挑、剪、带等。演练时有单匕首和双匕首两种形式。匕为古代膳食器,即勺。因其类短剑形态上像匕,故名。秦始皇攻打六国,积怨甚深,每游必重甲护身,「于是太子预求天下之利匕首。」这是《战国策》所载著名的荆轲刺秦王故事中的一句。「图穷匕见」更是妇孺皆知的传奇。

Dagger is a kind of stabbing and cutting dual-purpose weapon shorter than sword. Its shape is similar to that of sword. Because it is short and easy to hide, it is often used as a suitable weapon for close combat, personal defense or assassination. Chinese martial arts instruments, short swords or narrow knives. Its shape is similar to a dagger (an instrument used by the ancients to feed on it), so it gets its name. It is said that there were daggers in Yao and shun. Dagger is short, sharp and easy to carry. It is an effective weapon for close combat. Its usage mainly includes hitting, stabbing, picking, cutting, band, etc. There are two types of drills: single dagger and double dagger. Dagger is an ancient food utensil, namely spoon. It is named for its dagger like shape. When Qin Shihuang attacked six countries, he had a deep resentment. He had to protect himself with heavy armour every time he traveled. "So the prince asked for a dagger for the benefit of the world. This is a sentence in the famous story of King Jingke's assassination in the Warring States policy. It is also a legend known to all women and children.

中国最早在夏代就出现,一开始为青铜制,到了战国时期因铁器的发达改用钢铁制。一般作为近战防备武器,可以对目标投掷或突刺。此武器由来已久。《史记·吴太伯世家》:“使专诸置匕首于炙鱼之中以进食,手匕首刺王僚。”司 马贞索隐:“刘氏曰:‘匕首,短剑也。’按《盐铁论》以为长尺八寸。《通俗文》云:‘其头类匕、故曰匕首。短刃可袖者。’”是短兵器的一种。甚至摔破石头就可以制作。由于制作极度简单,可以说只要有人类的地方就一定有这种东西。匕首携带方便,容易隐藏,所以即使在火炮发达之后,仍然还是军人无法离手的原始武器。因而型态也是千差万别。一般说来它的长度是介于小刀与短剑之间,但其实很难明确地区分。由于长度短,几乎只能对近身的敌人使用,但危急时可以作投掷攻击也是很具有魅力的特点。

China first appeared in the Xia Dynasty. At the beginning, it was made of bronze. In the Warring States period, it was made of steel because of the development of iron. Generally used as a close combat defensive weapon, it can throw or stab the target. This weapon has a long history. "Shi Ji, Wu Taibo aristocratic family": "make all the people put daggers in the fish to eat, and stab Wang Liao with daggers." Sima Zhen said: "Liu said: 'dagger, dagger also." According to the theory of salt and iron, it is eight inches long. "Popular literature" cloud: "its head kind dagger, hence the name dagger. The short blade can be sleeved. " It's a kind of short weapon. It can even be made by breaking a stone. Because the production is extremely simple, it can be said that as long as there are human beings, there must be such things. Dagger is easy to carry and hide, so even after the artillery developed, it is still the original weapon that soldiers can not leave their hands. So the patterns are also very different. Generally speaking, its length is between the knife and the dagger, but it is difficult to distinguish clearly. Because of its short length, it can only be used for close enemies, but it is also very attractive to be used for throwing attacks in critical situations.

汉代匕首常常与长剑并用。军队中除装备常规兵器外,有的也配有匕首以备急用。一般官吏除了佩剑还带有匕首,防身自卫,以防不测。剑首为环形,状似纱帽,剑格向下分,剑茎宽平,刃的近尖处忽窄,柄近刃长,与先秦的形制显然不同。唐代大诗人李白的《乐府·结客少年场行》说:“少年学剑术,凌轹白猿公。珠袍曳锦带,匕首插吴鸿。由来百夫勇,挟此生雄风。”可见匕首与剑往往并提,匕首长久以来以其独特的功能普遍为兵家武士、行者侠客所用,作为一种近战辅助兵器而流传至今。

Daggers were often used with long swords in the Han Dynasty. In addition to conventional weapons, some of the troops are equipped with daggers for emergency use. In addition to wearing swords, general officials also have daggers to defend themselves against accidents. The head of the sword is ring-shaped, like a gauze hat. The frame of the sword is divided downward. The stem of the sword is wide and flat, the near tip of the blade is narrow, and the handle near the blade is long. It is obviously different from the shape of the pre Qin Dynasty. Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, said in his Yuefu · Jieke youth field trip: "young people learn swordsmanship, Ling Fubai, the great ape man. Pearl robes with brocade belts and daggers with Wu Hong. With the courage of a hundred men, I will take the pride of this life. " It can be seen that daggers and swords are often mentioned at the same time. Daggers have been widely used by warriors and swordsmen for a long time because of their unique functions. They have been widely used as a kind of close combat auxiliary weapon.

此件《青铜匕首》是刘先生祖传的珍品,承载了异域多民族的历史文明、风土人情以及宗教信仰,宛如一座记录人类文明进程的财富宝藏。这种匕首有的数量稀缺,有的濒临绝版,稀缺罕有,极具收藏价值。

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