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银砚台

合同号：YSWHZLFW-B7116

规格：重：688.2 g

砚亦称为研，中国传统手工艺品之一，砚与笔、墨、纸合称中国传统的文房四宝，是中国书法的必备用具。砚材的运用也极为广泛，其中以山东青州的红丝砚、广东肇庆的端砚、安徽歙县的歙砚、甘肃卓尼的洮河砚最为突出，称“四大名砚”。

汉代刘熙写的《释名》中解释：“砚者研也，可研墨使和濡也”。它是由原始社会的研磨器演变而来。初期的砚，形态原始，是用一块小研石在一面磨平的石器上压墨丸研磨成墨汁。至汉时，砚上出现了雕刻，有石盖，下带足。魏晋至隋出现了圆形瓷砚，由三足而多足。箕形砚是唐代常见的砚式，形同簸箕，砚底一端落地，一端以足支撑。唐、宋时，砚台的造型更加多样化。
Inkstone, also known as research, is one of the traditional Chinese handicrafts. Inkstone, pen, ink and paper are called the four treasures of Chinese traditional study. It is a necessary tool for Chinese calligraphy. Inkstone is also widely used, among which Hongsi inkstone in Qingzhou, Shandong, Duan inkstone in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, she inkstone in Shexian County, Anhui Province, and Taohe inkstone in Zhuoni, Gansu Province are the most prominent, which are called "four famous inkstone". 
In the interpretation of the name written by Liu Xi in the Han Dynasty, it is explained: "the inkstone can be studied, and the ink can be studied." It evolved from the grinder of primitive society. The early inkstone, with a primitive shape, was ground into ink by pressing ink pills on one side of the stone tools polished by a small grinding stone. In the Han Dynasty, there was a sculpture on the inkstone, with a stone cover and feet under it. From the Wei and Jin dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, a round porcelain inkstone appeared, from three-legged to multi-legged. Dustpan-shaped inkstone is a common inkstone in the Tang Dynasty, shaped like a dustpan, with one end of the inkstone falling to the ground and one end supported by feet. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the shape of inkstone was more diversified.

银砚台历经秦汉、魏晋，至唐代起，各地相继发现适合制砚的石料，开始以石为主的砚台制作。其中采用山东的红丝砚、广东端州的端石、安徽歙州的歙石及甘肃临洮的洮河石制作的砚台，被分别称作红丝砚、端砚、歙砚、洮河砚。史书将红丝砚、端、歙、临洮砚称作四大名砚。清末，又将山西的澄泥砚与端、歙、临洮，并列为中国四大名砚。也有人主张，以天然砚石雕制的鲁砚中的徐公石砚代替澄泥砚，合称四大名砚。

砚台是伴随着笔和墨的发展而发展起来的。最早出现的砚台是石砚。汉代由于发明了人工制墨，墨可以直接在砚上研磨，于是砚台开始发展起来，出现了铜砚、陶砚、银砚、徐公砚、银砚等等，六朝至隋朝最突出的就是银砚的出现。唐代是砚台的重要发展时期，出现了端石和歙石两大砚材，明清时期制砚的材质更加丰富，出现了瓦砚、铁砚、锡砚、玉砚、象牙砚、竹砚等等。木砚研究始于何时，没有定论，但以清代居多。木材因其本性所限定，实际并不适宜做砚台，但文人的浪漫将这种大胆的尝试，与工匠的巧思融合在一起，为我们留下了许多颇为精美的文房陈设品。
After the Qin and Han dynasties, Wei and Jin dynasties, to the Tang Dynasty, various places have found suitable stone materials for making inkstone, and began to make inkstone based on stone.Among them, the inkstone made of red silk inkstone in Shandong, Duanzhou in Guangdong, she stone in Shizhou in Anhui and Tao river stone in Lintao, Gansu province are called red silk inkstone, Duan inkstone, she inkstone and Taohe inkstone respectively. In the history books, Hongsi inkstone, Duan inkstone and Lintao inkstone are called the four famous inkstone. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Chengni inkstone in Shanxi was ranked alongside Duan, Gui and Lintao as the four famous inkstones in China. It is also suggested that Xu Gongshi inkstone in Lu inkstone carved by natural inkstone should be used to replace Chengni inkstone, which is collectively called the four famous inkstone. 
Inkstone develops with the development of pen and ink. The earliest inkstone was the inkstone. Due to the invention of artificial ink in the Han Dynasty, ink can be ground directly on the inkstone, so the inkstone began to develop, with the emergence of copper inkstone, pottery inkstone, silver inkstone, Xu Gong inkstone, silver inkstone and so on. The most prominent is the emergence of silver inkstone from the six dynasties to the Sui Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was an important period for the development of inkstone. Two major inkstones, Duanshi and Shishi, appeared. The materials of inkstone made in the Ming and Qing dynasties were more abundant, such as tile inkstone, iron inkstone, tin inkstone, jade inkstone, ivory inkstone, bamboo inkstone and so on. When did the study of wood inkstone begin, there is no final conclusion, but it is mostly in the Qing Dynasty. Wood is limited by its nature, so it is not suitable to make inkstone, but the romance of the literati combines this bold attempt with the craftsman's ingenuity, leaving us a lot of exquisite stationery furnishings.

经过很长时间的历史，砚台已早已不再是单纯的文具，而成为了集雕刻，绘画于一身的精美工艺品，成为文人墨客收藏的对象。

如果要探究起中国砚台的起源，可能要追溯到原始社会人类打造工具的研磨器了，作为与笔、墨、纸并称“文房四宝”，中国历代的文化人对砚台的珍爱，可以说是到了无以复加的地步了。刻砚、赏砚、藏砚，作为一种时尚的风气，砚台随着社会历史的演变，浓缩了中国各个朝代文化、经济乃至审美意识的各种信息。对现代人来说，古砚台完成了由实用品到艺术品的转化，因而也造就了它独特的收藏理财的价值。
After a long history, inkstone is no longer a simple stationery, but has become a collection of carving, painting in one of the exquisite handicrafts, has become the object of literati collection. 
If we want to explore the origin of Chinese inkstone, we may have to trace it back to the grinder of tools made by human beings in primitive society. As the "four treasures of the study" together with pen, ink and paper, Chinese intellectuals of all ages cherished inkstone. It can be said that it has reached an immeasurably high level.Carving inkstone, appreciating inkstone and Tibetan inkstone, as a fashionable atmosphere, inkstone condenses all kinds of information of Chinese dynasties' culture, economy and even aesthetic consciousness with the evolution of social history. For modern people, ancient inkstone has completed the transformation from physical objects to works of art, thus creating its unique value of collection and financial management.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

中华民国开国纪念币

规格：重：26.4 g 直径：3.9 cm

“中华民国开国纪念币”是近代中国钱币中的精品，有着历史熏陶，是价值很高的革命文物，具有深远的历史纪念意义;同时，还是考古和研究中国历史文化难得的实物，尤其是品相好的更为稀缺，因此很受收藏爱好者青睐。     

"Founding of the republic of China commemorative coin" is the modern Chinese COINS in the fine, with historical edification, is a high value of revolutionary cultural relics, with far-reaching historical significance; At the same time, it is also a rare object for archaeology and the study of Chinese history and culture, especially the good quality is more scarce, so it is favored by collectors.   

 

 

 孙中山开国纪念银币，俗称小头，是民国时期流通的主要货币之一。是第一枚将大总统头像替换皇家龙图的国币，这意味着宣告清王朝统治的结束，中国从此进入共和制的新纪年。此外，币面镌刻中英文字，意在告知外国人，中国新的开放时代来临。在集藏领域，向来对重大历史事件高度敏感的金银币收藏市场，会赋予藏品独特的价值，它的行情也会顺势火爆。

Sun yat-sen's silver coin, commonly known as xiaotou, was one of the main currencies in circulation during the republic of China. It was the first national coin to replace the royal dragon with the portrait of the great President, marking the end of the qing dynasty and the beginning of a new era of republicalism. In addition, the Chinese and English characters are engraved on the currency surface to inform foreigners of the new era of opening up in China. In the field of collection, the gold and silver coin collection market, which is always highly sensitive to major historical events, will give the collection unique value and its market will also be popular.

  此孙中山开国纪念币，正面中央为孙中山侧面肖像，左右长枝花饰。银元材质珍贵，艺术价值高，由贵重金属或白银合金铸造，制作精美，图案考究，文字清秀，内容丰富，银光灿烂，其貌可人，也具有一定的保值和升值功能。  This set of commemorative COINS of sun yat-sen's founding, the front of the central side of the portrait of sun yat-sen, left and right long branch flowers. The silver dollar is made of precious materials with high artistic value. It is made of precious metal or silver alloy. It is exquisitely made with exquisite patterns, elegant writing, rich contents and brilliant silver.