古玩行2020精品推荐第2期：四川省造光绪元宝当三十

四川省于光绪二十九年（1903）六月在省城（成都）机器局附设成都银元局内开铸铜元。次年，又兴建铜币厂，专铸铜元。四川省铸造的铜元，按币面上缘所铸的纪地文字，可分“四川官局造”和“四川省造”两大体系。四川当三十铜元属于后者。

In June 1903, the 29th year of Guangxu's reign, Sichuan province started casting copper yuan in the Chengdu silver yuan bureau attached to the machinery bureau of the provincial capital (Chengdu). The following year, a copper coin factory was built to cast copper coins. The copper coins cast in Sichuan province can be divided into two systems: "made by Sichuan government bureau" and "made in Sichuan province" according to the geographical characters cast on the upper edge of the coin surface. Sichuan when 30 copper yuan belongs to the latter.

四川当三十铜元，是未被获准发行的试铸币。未被获准铸发的原因，很可能是由于当三十的币值不符合户部关于铜元铸造的规定。中国的铜元，在初创阶段，各省是各自为政的，成色、图案参差繁杂，币制十分紊乱。清政府曾不断对币制进行整顿，力图划一。虽然收效不大，但还是显现了渐趋统一的趋势。四川当三十铜元铸于光绪三十年间，已处于“光绪元宝”铜元的后期阶段。根据户部的要求，当时各省铸造铜元，须援引广东成法，成色、图案及面值以广东省铜元为标准。广东省铜元的币值分别为二十文、十文、五文三等。显然，四川当三十铜元的铸造是不符合这一标准的。此外，在清代的铜元铸造中，面值当三十者，唯有四川一家。看来，在铜元面值问题上，其它省份的造币厂都是循规蹈矩的。

Sichuan when 30 copper yuan, is not allowed to issue test coins. The reason why it was not allowed to be cast is probably because when the value of 30 yuan does not conform to the regulations of the Ministry of Household on copper casting. In the initial stage of China's copper yuan, each province was divided into its own provinces, with various colors and patterns, and a very disordered monetary system. The Qing government has been continuously reorganizing the monetary system in an attempt to unify it. Although the results are not very good, there is still a trend towards unification. Sichuan Dang30 Copper Yuan was cast in the 30th year of Guangxu, and is in the late stage of "Guangxu Yuanbao" copper Yuan. According to the requirements of the household department, when all provinces cast copper coins, they had to invoke the Guangdong method of formation, and the fineness, design and face value were based on the Guangdong copper coins. The value of the copper dollar in Guangdong province is 20, 10 and 5 respectively. Obviously, the casting of 30 copper yuan in Sichuan does not meet this standard. In addition, Sichuan was the only one with a face value of 30 in the copper coin casting in the Qing Dynasty. It seems that the coin factories in other provinces are following the rules regarding the face value of copper coins.

此枚四川光绪当三十铜元，正面中央为一花星，其外环绕“光绪元宝”四字以及珠圈，上面上缘铸“四川省造”，下缘铸“当三十”，左右两侧铸满文“宝源”背面中间铸龙图（按照龙纹不同，克分别为“水龙”版和“飞龙版”），外环珠圈一道，上缘铸英文“四川”，下缘标有阿拉伯数字“30”及“文”的英文字母“CASH”左右两侧各有一花星。水龙又分有眼皮和无眼皮二个版，正面还有大马齿、细马齿以及高低满文之分。

This gold coin was made in Guangxu, Sichuan, with a flower star in the center of its front face, surrounded by four characters of "Guangxu Yuanbao" and bead rings. The upper edge of the coin was cast with "Made in Sichuan Province", the lower edge was cast with "Dang 30", the left and right sides were cast with a dragon figure in the middle of the back of the Manchu word "Baoyuan" (according to the dragon pattern, grams were respectively "Shuilong" and "Feilong"), the outer ring of beads was cast with English "Sichuan" on its upper edge, and the English letters "CASH" marked with Arabic numerals "30" and "Wen" on its lower edge were cast with a flower star on the left and right sides. The waterspout is divided into two editions, with and without eyelids, with large teeth on the front, fine teeth on the horse, and high and low Manchu script.

这种四川省造“光绪元宝”当三十因不符合币制而被“禁令行用”理所当然，四川铜元局也无理申辩。正因为是禁止流通的试铸样币，数量自然有限，流传至今当然十分罕见。四川省造“光绪元宝”当三十被中外泉家和各种书刊评级为大珍当之无愧。

This kind of "Guangxu Yuanbao" made in Sichuan Province was taken for granted when it was "forbidden to use" because it did not conform to the monetary system. The Sichuan Copper and Yuan Bureau also made unreasonable arguments. It is precisely because it is a trial-cast sample coin that is prohibited from circulation that the number of coins is naturally limited. It is of course very rare to have such coins circulated so far. "Guangxu Yuanbao" made in Sichuan Province deserves to be rated as a great treasure by Chinese and foreign scholars and various books and periodicals.

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