古玩行2020精品推荐第2期：青花缠枝莲双耳扁瓶

举世闻名、美轮美奂的青花瓷萌芽于盛唐，厚积于宋，薄发于元，登峰造极于明清。而清代康、雍、乾是青花瓷走向衰落前的最后辉煌，所以在收藏界流行着这样一种说法：瓷器要玩清三代。

The world-famous and beautiful blue and white porcelain sprouted in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, accumulated in the Song Dynasty, developed in the Yuan Dynasty and peaked in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, Kang, Yong and Qian were the last resplendence of blue and white porcelain before its decline. Therefore, there is a popular saying in the collection field that porcelain should play the Qing Dynasty for three generations.

在我国陶瓷开展史上，青花瓷是继青瓷、黑瓷、青白瓷和彩瓷以后，被公认的瓷器艺术一朵奇葩。自古以来为皇室贵族、达官显要所喜爱。

In the history of China's ceramic development, blue and white porcelain is recognized as a wonderful work of porcelain art after celadon, black porcelain, blue and white porcelain and color porcelain. Since ancient times, it has been loved by royal nobles and dignitaries.

清乾隆时期，是集过去造瓷之大成期。可以说是封建社会制瓷业的黄金时代，乾隆时期不论是造型、色彩都是应有尽,瓷器生产取得了空前的繁荣，青花瓷也达到了登峰造极的程度。《古铜器考》一书称赞当时的制瓷业是“有陶以来，未有今日之美备”。此时，景德镇御窑厂规模庞大，在督陶官的管理下，每年烧造各种瓷器都在数十万以上，烧出的瓷器无论是工艺技巧还是装饰艺术都已达到了炉火纯青的地步。清代许之衡在《饮流斋说瓷》中形容当时瓷器“至乾隆，精巧之至，几于鬼斧神工。”

The Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty was a period of great success in porcelain making. It can be said that it is the golden age of the porcelain industry in the feudal society. In the Qianlong period, both the shape and the color should be exhausted. The porcelain production has made unprecedented prosperity, and the blue and white porcelain has reached the peak. The book "ancient bronze ware research" praised the porcelain industry at that time as "since there has been pottery, there has not been today's beauty preparation". At this time, Jingdezhen imperial kiln has a large scale. Under the supervision of the supervisor, hundreds of thousands of different kinds of porcelain are made every year, and the porcelain produced has reached the stage of perfect workmanship and decoration art. Xu Zhiheng in the Qing Dynasty described the porcelain at that time as "to Qianlong, exquisite, and almost magical."

乾隆青花使用国产上等浙料烧制，呈现出“稳定、浑厚、沉着”的特点。乾隆青花纹饰题材广泛，主要以植物花卉为主，富丽繁密，细致精巧。每件器物都有多层图案装饰，甚至有的多达数十层。且无论是写意还是变形，都画工严整细腻，纹饰清晰，排列整齐，具有图案画的效果。其纹饰中常常带有吉祥图案，善用各种动物、植物及物品的谐音，画出象征吉祥或祝福寓意的纹饰。可谓是图必有意，意必吉祥。

Qianlong blue and white was made of the best Zhejiang materials, showing the characteristics of "stable, thick and calm". Qianlong has a wide range of motifs, mainly plants and flowers, rich and dense, meticulous and delicate. Each artifact is decorated with multi-layer patterns, and some even have dozens of layers. And whether it is freehand or deformed, the painting is neat and delicate, with clear patterns and orderly arrangement, with the effect of pattern painting. It is often decorated with auspicious patterns. It is good at using the homophony of various animals, plants and objects to draw patterns symbolizing auspiciousness or blessing. It can be said that the plan must be intentional and the meaning must be auspicious.

此青花缠枝莲双耳扁瓶，通体以青花缠枝纹为饰，画面生动、逼真绝妙，底青花书“大清乾隆年制”篆书款。此器器型俊美秀丽，线条流畅，各部分比例协调，曲直变化有致，恰到好处，张驰有度，线条美极。乾隆年间，由于对青花料有了新的工艺，从传统的水选到火煅，迅速提高了青花的发色质量，使得浙料呈色青翠幽蓝，蓝中泛灰，多有晕散，色调颇具沉静感。器里施釉一丝不苟，苍润如玉，弥足珍贵。

This blue and white vase is decorated with blue and white patterns. The picture is vivid, lifelike and wonderful. The bottom blue and white book is the seal script made in Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. This instrument is beautiful in shape, smooth in line, harmonious in proportion in all parts, and with proper changes in straightness and straightness. During the Qianlong period, because of the new technology of blue and white materials, the quality of blue and white hair color was rapidly improved from traditional water selection to fire calcination, which made Zhejiang materials appear green and blue, with gray in the blue, and most of them are faint and scattered, and the color is quite quiet. The glaze is applied meticulously in the vessel. It is as green as jade, which is precious.

纵观青花瓷的传奇历史，从元代至清代的数百年间，青花瓷的烧造既承载了不同地域的文明，也印证着诸多王朝的兴衰。当人们在凝视一件稀世珍宝的同时，透过光润的釉面，人们欣赏的已不仅仅是那幽雅的青色，而更多的是在寻觅青花瓷背后那一段段精彩迷离的故事。

Throughout the legendary history of blue and white porcelain, from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the firing of blue and white porcelain not only carried the civilization of different regions, but also confirmed the rise and fall of many dynasties. When people stare at a rare treasure, through the glossy glaze, what they appreciate is not only the elegant blue, but also the fascinating and confusing story behind the blue and white porcelain.

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