古玩行2020精品推荐第3期： 汉代玉璧

玉璧，是中国古代玉器中最为常见且流传最为久远的器类之一。其存在几乎贯穿整个古代玉器制作史，在近七千年的漫长岁月之中，玉璧见证了中国古代社会政治、经济、文化的演进。早在距今6000多年前的新石器时代良渚文化遗存中就有数量较多且制作较为精美的玉璧发现，其后绵延发展于殷商、两周直至政治统一、经济发展、玉文化繁荣的两汉达到鼎盛。

Jade Bi is one of the most common and long-standing jade wares in ancient China. Its existence almost runs through the whole history of ancient jade making. In the long history of nearly 7000 years, jade Bi witnessed the evolution of politics, economy and culture in ancient China. As early as 6000 years ago, there were a large number of jade Bi found in the remains of Liangzhu Culture in the Neolithic age. Later, it developed in Yin and Shang Dynasties and two weeks until the two Han Dynasties, which were politically unified, economically developed and jade culture flourished, reached its peak.

汉代的玉璧主要用于礼仪、陪葬，有的玉璧也可用来装饰墙壁或作为嵌饰装点铜枕和带钩；一些较小的玉璧用作组玉佩的一部分供佩系，亦被称作系璧。

In the Han Dynasty, jade bi was mainly used for rites and funerals. Some jade Bi could also be used to decorate walls or inlay copper pillows and hooks. Some smaller jade bi was used as a part of the group of jade pendants to provide pendants, also known as the system of pendants.

汉代玉璧通常尺寸较大略厚、剖面平直，边沿较战国为宽。用玉质地较佳，多用深绿、灰绿色青玉以及白玉。器物表面呈现出灰白、褐红、绿等色彩，这与玉器对外来离子的吸附有关，也就是常说的沁色。

In the Han Dynasty, the jade bi was generally thick in size, straight in profile, and wider in margin than in the Warring States period. It is better to use jade, especially dark green, grey green sapphire and white jade. The surface of the objects shows gray white, brown red, green and other colors, which is related to the adsorption of foreign ions on the jade, that is to say, Qinse.

此玉璧为汉代风格，扁平圆形，厚薄均匀，深浅合适，玉质褐色，包浆满布。两面纹饰相同，璧肉利用减地与浮雕技法满饰排列有序的纹饰，充满秩序的律动感让人视觉愉悦。璧缘一端以镂空技法，透雕出廓螭龙，螭龙曲颈扭体，四周围绕流动的云气。其中从螭首到蹬踏有力的四肢，若能以书画的散点透视加以细致审视，则螭龙似能在流云中美妙腾跃，让人有更立体的视觉感受，也是西汉玉器最引人瞩目的美学密码。

The jade is of Han Dynasty style, flat and round, uniform in thickness, suitable in depth, brown in quality, and covered with slurry. The patterns on both sides are the same. Bi Rou is decorated with orderly patterns by using the techniques of reducing ground and relief. The rhythm full of order makes people visually happy. One end of the edge of the wall is carved with a hollowed out technique to reveal the outline of the dragon, with its crooked neck and twisted body, surrounded by flowing clouds. Among them, from the head of a dragon to the powerful limbs, if you can carefully examine them from the perspective of scattered points of painting and calligraphy, then the Dragon seems to be able to jump in the clouds, making people have a more three-dimensional visual experience, which is also the most eye-catching aesthetic code of Western Han jade.

玉璧，是中国古代玉文化中最为核心的一种玉器，它的历史延绵了5000多年，在中国传统的文化理念中，玉璧象征着美好的意愿和高贵的品质。当年，林徽因设计的国徽图案就是以玉璧为主体。考古发现，玉璧最早产生于距今约5、6千年前的新石器时代，一直到清朝，都有不同形制和纹饰的玉璧出现。玉璧的应用范围也极为广泛，既是权力等级的标志，也可用于佩戴，亦能作为随葬品，同时又是社会交往中的馈赠品或信物。

Jade Bi, the most core of ancient Chinese jade culture, has a history of more than 5000 years. In traditional Chinese culture, jade Bi symbolizes good will and noble quality. At that time, Lin Huiyin designed the national emblem pattern with jade as the main body. Archaeology found that jade Bi originated from the Neolithic Age about 5 or 6 thousand years ago. Up to the Qing Dynasty, there were different shapes and patterns of jade Bi. Jade Bi is also widely used, not only as a symbol of power level, but also for wearing, as a burial object, and as a gift or keepsake in social interaction.

此汉代谷纹璧色泽斑驳，然沁色自然，良渚玉璧形制，源自崧泽文化，即有权力象征的意义璧形石斧和有尸体不朽等神秘色彩的璧形玉晗。从这个意义上讲，玉璧是一种更趋神化了的权力的象征物，做成圆形，所谓“礼神者，必象其类，璧圜，象天”，当然表示其权力是上承天意，有着难以言喻的收藏价值，极具收藏。

The grain Bi of Han Dynasty is mottled in color and natural in color. The shape of Liangzhu jade Bi originates from Songze culture, i.e. the meaning of power symbol, Bi shaped stone axe and Bi shaped jade Han with mysterious color such as immortal corpse. In this sense, Yubi is a more deified symbol of power, which is made into a circle. The so-called "those who worship God must be like their kind, Bi Yuan, and Xiang Tian". Of course, it means that their power is inherited from heaven and has an indescribable collection value, which has a great collection value.

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