古玩城2020精品推荐第八期：咸丰元宝当百

清文宗爱新觉罗·奕詝(1831—1861)，即咸丰帝，可谓是清代运气最不好的皇帝。咸丰元年(1851)，即爆发了轰轰烈烈、声势空前的太平天国农民起义。咸丰帝刚刚登基。便要应对有清以来前所未遇的危局，以致他此后11年的皇帝生涯始终处于内忧外患中，极其不幸。他被称为无远见、无胆识、无才能、无作为的“四无皇帝”，史家也找不出什么理由给他好评。他既没有创出像其祖先康熙、乾隆等皇帝那样显赫的政绩，也没有写出像他们那样有影响的诗文。然而，有一点却不能不说，咸丰朝所铸大钱非常有名，是中国古钱币的一朵奇葩，精美绝伦，被泉学名家孙仲汇先生誉为“清钱之王”，极具欣赏价值。且对研究中国乃至世界铸币史和金融史具有非常特殊的意义。

Aixin Jueluo Yichen (1831-1861), Emperor Xianfeng, was the most unlucky emperor in Qing Dynasty. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), the peasant uprising of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom broke out. Emperor Xianfeng has just ascended the throne. He had to deal with the crisis which had not been encountered before the Qing Dynasty, so that his 11 years of emperor's career was always in internal and external troubles, which was extremely unfortunate. He is known as the "four no Emperors" without foresight, courage, talent and action. Historians can not find any reason to praise him. He did not create such remarkable achievements as his ancestors, such as Kangxi and Qianlong, nor did he write influential poems and essays. However, there is one thing that can not be ignored. The big money cast in Xianfeng Dynasty is very famous. It is a wonderful flower of ancient Chinese coins. It is praised as "the king of Qing Dynasty money" by sun Zhonghui, a famous scholar of spring school. It has great appreciation value. It is of special significance to the study of the history of coinage and finance in China and even in the world.

太平天国起义是中国历史上规模最大的农民起义，前后持续长达14年，势力扩展达17省，重创了清王朝的统治。尤其是太平军长期占据富庶江南的许多地区，使清政府的税收大受损失，清政府又怕激发其他地区农民暴动，不敢轻易增重赋税，造成财政极度紧张。为了镇压太平天国起义，清政府必须筹措大量军费，于是不得不采取一些非常措施，其中包括铸行大钱。

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising is the largest peasant uprising in Chinese history. It lasted for 14 years, and its influence expanded to 17 provinces, which seriously damaged the rule of Qing Dynasty. In particular, the Taiping army occupied many rich areas in the south of the Yangtze River for a long time, which made the Qing government's tax revenue suffer a lot. The Qing government was afraid of arousing peasant riots in other areas and did not dare to increase taxes easily, which caused extreme financial tension. In order to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising, the Qing government had to raise a lot of military expenditure, so it had to take some extraordinary measures, including casting large sums of money.

咸丰三年(公元1853年)清政府被迫开铸大钱，相继推出“咸丰重宝”、“咸丰元宝”。为了迅速推行大钱，清政府在原有宝源、宝泉和各省钱局外，又设立热河宝德局、江苏宝苏局、新疆喀什局等铸钱局，还准许克勤郡王设立捐铜局专铸大钱。至咸丰四年，清朝政府开铸的大钱有当二、当四、当五、当八、当十、当二十、当三十、当四十、当五十、当八十、当百、当二百、当三百、当五百、当千等16种面值的钱币。由于重量、大小无统一规定，同一面值的钱币，往往因为铸钱局不同而差别很大，或者同一铸钱局出品的钱币，因为铸期不同而大小轻重不一，甚至出现同一铸钱局的大面额的钱币比小面额的钱币还要小而轻的怪现象。此外，咸丰四年三月，户部又先后铸造当一、当五、当十等三种铁钱与铅钱。

In the third year of Xianfeng (1853 AD), the Qing government was forced to open up large sums of money, and successively launched "Xianfeng heavy treasure" and "Xianfeng Yuanbao". In order to promote big money quickly, the Qing government set up the coin casting bureaus of Rehe Baode Bureau, Jiangsu Baosu Bureau, Xinjiang Kashi Bureau, etc. in addition to the original Baoyuan, Baoquan and other provincial money bureaus, the Qing government also allowed Keqin prefecture to set up a copper donation bureau to specially cast large coins. In the fourth year of Xianfeng, the Qing government issued 16 kinds of denominations, namely Dang 2, Dang 4, Dang 5, Dang 8, Dang 10, Dang 20, Dang 30, Dang 40, Dang 50, Dang 80, Dang 100, Dang 200, Dang 300, Dang 500, Dang Qian. Since there is no uniform regulation on weight and size, coins of the same denomination often differ greatly due to different coin making offices, or coins produced by the same coin office are of different sizes due to different casting dates, and even there is a strange phenomenon that the coins with large denomination in the same coin office are smaller and lighter than those with small denomination. In addition, in March of the fourth year of Xianfeng, the Ministry of housing successively cast three kinds of iron and lead coins, namely Dang 1, Dang 5 and Dang 10.

铸行如此多的大钱，是清代各朝中绝无仅有的。大钱的铸行，导致了严重的通货膨胀，咸丰四年后，不得不下令停铸当千、当百的大钱。据《清史稿》记载:“大钱当千、当百、以折当过重，最先废。当百，当五十缓废。”可见咸丰元宝当百大钱铸行不久，目前流传在世的不多，非常稀有。该枚咸丰元宝当百，形制规整，大小合适，包浆老道，锈色自然，岁月流痕鲜明，流通使用痕迹明显，历史过渡性自然，为钱币珍品。钱币正面为汉文“咸丰元宝”四字，直读;背面上下穿汉文“当百”，左右穿满文“宝苏”。藏品虽已饱经百年历史的风霜洗礼，币面却无太大的磨损，品相很好，十分精致，是当百钱币里的精品。咸丰年的钱币在整个清代是最好的，此币为咸丰钱币中的精品，价值将更高一层，是钱币收藏品中难得一见的珍品，值得收藏。

Such a large amount of money was unique in the Qing Dynasty. After four years, Xianfeng had to stop casting Dangqian and dangbai coins. According to the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty, "a large sum of money should be a thousand, a hundred, a discount should be too heavy, and it should be discarded first. When 100, when 50 slow waste. " It can be seen that Xianfeng Yuanbao was not long ago cast as one hundred coins. At present, there are not many in the world, which are very rare. The Xianfeng Yuanbao is a hundred, with regular shape and proper size. It is a precious coin with natural rust color, distinct traces of years, obvious circulation traces and natural historical transition. On the obverse side, there are four characters of "Xianfeng Yuanbao" in Chinese, which are directly read; on the back, the Chinese character "dangbai" is worn up and down, and the Manchu character "Baosu" is on the left and right. Although the collection has experienced the wind and frost of a hundred years of history, the coin face is not too worn, and the appearance is very good, very exquisite, which is the best among the hundred coins. The coins of Xianfeng year are the best in the whole Qing Dynasty. They are the best among the Xianfeng coins, with a higher value. They are rare treasures in the collection of coins and are worth collecting.

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