艺品在线2020精品推荐第7期：大清嘉庆年间猪槽型银锭

人们对银锭并不陌生，古代影视文学作品中总有白花花的银子存在，但银锭收藏在很长一段时间内却属冷门，但随着艺术品市场的发展收藏的热度，银锭越来越重要。银锭是古代基础货币之一，我国历史上银两的货币功能始于汉代之前，隋唐以前称为“银饼”，宋金时期称为“银锭”，元代称为“元宝”，明清两代白银作为主要货币流通，铸造甚多。今天我们所见的银锭，以明清两朝及民国初期留存下来的居多，但由于近代对贵金属流通市场的控制，民国初年“废两改元”的实施，银锭停止流通，大量被销熔，目前民间存世量不大，蕴藏着极大的升值潜力。

People are not unfamiliar with silver ingots. There are always white silver in ancient film and television literature works. However, silver ingots collection is not popular for a long time. With the development of art market, silver ingots become more and more important. Silver ingot is one of the basic currencies in ancient times. In the history of China, the monetary function of silver coin began before Han Dynasty. It was called "silver cake" before Sui and Tang Dynasties, called "silver ingot" in song and Jin Dynasties, and "Yuanbao" in Yuan Dynasty. Most of the silver ingots we see today are preserved in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the early period of the Republic of China. However, due to the control of the precious metal circulation market in modern times and the implementation of "Abolishing the two and replacing the yuan" in the early Republic of China, the silver ingots stopped circulating and were sold in large quantities. At present, there is a small amount of silver ingots among the people, which has great potential for appreciation.

银锭以“两”作为单位，合称“银两”。当然这里的“两”重量并不一定相等，银的成色也不相同。所以，除了“银两”外，还有一个更为文雅更为标准的词汇“纹银”，在清代宫廷剧中我们通常能听到，这是清代对足银的官方称呼，是清朝法定银两标准成色，缴纳钱粮等都以纹银为标准，相当于现在的“925”千足银，当然当时的冶炼水平，即便是纹银，离千足银还是有些误差。因而纹银并非真正的银两，而是用于折算各种成色金属银的一种记账货币单位，即虚银两，也称“足纹”，各地均有不同的形制和标准。

The silver ingot takes "Liang" as the unit and is collectively called "yinliang". Of course, the "two" weights are not necessarily equal, and the quality of silver is not the same. Therefore, in addition to "silver", there is a more elegant and standard word "Wen Yin". We can usually hear it in the court drama of the Qing Dynasty. This is the official name of Zuyin in Qing Dynasty. It is the standard of silver standard in Qing Dynasty. The standard of paying money and grain is silver tattooed, which is equivalent to the present "925" thousand foot silver. Of course, the smelting level at that time, even if it was tattooed silver, was far from enough Silver still has some errors. Therefore, the tattooed silver is not the real silver, but a kind of accounting monetary unit used to convert various kinds of finely colored metallic silver, i.e. virtual silver, also known as "foot pattern". There are different shapes and standards in different places.

不管是明代的官银元宝，还是清代的纹银，都是作为一种对照，用以评定不同成色和重量的碎银和银两。所以明清两代由官府铸造足量并成色十足的银锭又称砝码锭，或称共议十足银，后来一些商会组织凭信誉鉴定并打有标记的银锭也称砝码银，多数每锭重十两，成色能够达到98%至99%。形制古代对银锭的冶炼和熔铸十分宽容，使得形形色色的官锭之外，又有汪洋恣肆的民间私银出现，其价值则不在官私之分，而在其体现的史料价值与文化蕴意。

Whether it is the official silver Yuan Bao of Ming dynasty or the tattooed silver of Qing Dynasty, they are used as a kind of contrast to evaluate the different quality and weight of broken silver and silver. Therefore, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the government made enough silver ingots with full quality, also known as weight ingots, or total silver ingots. Later, some chambers of Commerce organized silver ingots with marks based on their reputation. Most of the silver ingots weighed 10 Liang per ingot, and the fineness could reach 98% to 99%. In ancient times, the smelting and casting of silver ingots was very tolerant. Besides the various official ingots, there were numerous private silver. Its value was not in the distinction between official and private, but in its historical value and cultural implication.

因为历代政府对银锭铸造的开放性政策，从明朝开始，银锭开始出现官铸和私铸之分。有些藏友便想当然地进入了“重官锭而轻私银”的误区，认为官锭由政府统一铸造，成色有保证，铭文清晰规整，是以收藏价值高；而私银为私人铸造，成色杂乱无章，铭文或简或繁不易鉴别，是以收藏价值低。这有些过于主观臆想，其实纵观银锭铸造史，私铸银锭最初虽然没有货币的职能，只是私营票号或商家储存和运输白银的一种方式，但后来却发挥了比官锭更大的流通作用。

Since the Ming Dynasty, there were two kinds of silver ingots: Official casting and private casting. Some Tibetans take it for granted that the official ingots are cast by the government with guaranteed quality and clear and regular inscriptions, which are of high collection value; while private silver is privately cast, with disordered quality and inscriptions that are difficult to identify, they are of low collection value. This is too subjective. In fact, throughout the history of silver ingot casting, although private silver ingot had no monetary function at first, it was only a way of storing and transporting silver by private banks or merchants, but later it played a greater role in circulation than official ingots.

这是因为私银大多是在公估银的基础上铸造，成色并非没有保证，反而比官锭铸造严格有过之而无不及。这是因为当时商家多“信义”保证，而官锭多用于漕运、赋税、军费开支，与民众生活关系不大。私银只要适应当时的流通环境和民间习俗，在保证质量的前提下银锭造形无规定，特别是从清代开始，银锭的器形更加多样，各省各地各有千秋，异曲同工。牌坊锭表现比较突出，因其外形类似牌坊，又因其银成色足，可以信赖，故有此名。

This is because most of the private silver is cast on the basis of the assessable silver. The quality of the private silver is not without guarantee. On the contrary, it is more strict than the official ingot casting. This is because at that time, the merchants were more "faithful" and the official ingots were mostly used for water transportation, taxes and military expenses, which had little to do with people's lives. As long as the private banks adapted to the circulation environment and folk customs at that time, there were no regulations on the shape of silver ingots under the premise of ensuring the quality. Especially since the Qing Dynasty, the shapes of silver ingots were more diverse, and different provinces and regions had their own advantages, and the similarities and differences were the same. The performance of Paifang ingot is quite outstanding. It has the name because it is similar to the arch in appearance and reliable in silver quality.

所以，无论是官锭还是私银，也无论是赏鉴价值还是其投资价值，都不能以官私一概而论。一定要看银锭附带的历史价值，只有了解了银锭的历史背景、赋税、票号、货币流通等相关知识，并结合铭文中来源、产地、炉名、重量等要素，不难对银锭做出初步的赏鉴和投资分析。

Therefore, whether it is official ingot or private bank, whether it is appreciation value or investment value, it can not be regarded as official and private. We must see the historical value attached to the silver ingot. Only by understanding the historical background, taxation, bill number, currency circulation and other related knowledge of silver ingot, combined with the source, origin, furnace name, weight and other elements in the inscription, it is not difficult to make a preliminary appreciation and investment analysis on the silver ingot.

铭文，是指铸造银锭时铸造和錾刻在银锭上的文字，内容大体是银锭铸造的时间、地点、用途、成色、官员或工匠姓名等。这些铭文中不仅承载经济流通的重任，更蕴含着丰富的史料价值。比如，唐代的银锭中，没有出现过检验成色的“行人”之类的职位，直到宋金时期的铭文才出现。南宋银锭多有“京销铤银”和“出门税”等字样，金代则为“盐判”、“店户”、“使司”等字样。 辨伪。

Inscriptions refer to the words cast and engraved on the silver ingots when casting silver ingots. The contents generally include the time, place, use, color, name of officials or craftsmen, etc. These inscriptions not only bear the heavy responsibility of economic circulation, but also contain rich historical data value. For example, in the silver ingots of the Tang Dynasty, there was no such position as "pedestrian" to examine the quality, until the inscriptions of song and Jin Dynasties appeared. In the Southern Song Dynasty, silver ingots were mostly marked with the words "Jing Pin Yin" and "exit tax", while in the Jin Dynasty, they were "Yanbian", "Dianhu" and "Xiangsi". Distinguish the false.

此件大清嘉庆年间猪槽型银锭，宛如一条船，水波纹理，流动如韵，扣之银音清脆，悠远绵长。表面此银锭密度系数较高，槽内刻有铭文，工整俊秀有力。此银锭色泽呈正，包浆醇厚，神韵俱佳，品相完整，铸造精细，是一件非常不错的官银。对研究清代关税、地丁税制度，以及银锭的铸造、使用和流通提供了重要的实物证明,拥有很大的收藏价值及投资价值。

This pig trough silver ingot in the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty is like a boat. The water wave texture, flow like rhyme, and the silver sound is crisp and long. On the surface, the density coefficient of the silver ingot is high, and there are inscriptions in the groove, which are neat, beautiful and powerful. This silver ingot has positive color, mellow coating, good charm, complete appearance and fine casting. It is a very good official silver. It provides important physical evidence for the study of the customs and land tax system in Qing Dynasty, as well as the casting, use and circulation of silver ingots. It has great collection value and investment value.

此件藏品现在展卖于艺品在线商城平台中，据持宝人介绍说，这件银锭是祖上传下来的。曾让专家老师鉴定过，绝世精品。在本公司得知其有这件罕见珍品，特邀其持这件银锭参加，现持宝人因资金周转困难原因。忍痛割爱愿将此件银锭委托本公司代其通过网络媒体进行寻找买家。如对此藏品有兴趣收藏者，可拨打企业联系电话：400 686 3616进行洽谈。

The collection is now on sale in the art online mall platform. According to the treasure holder, the silver ingot was handed down by the ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a masterpiece. The company learned that he had this rare treasure, and invited him to take part in the silver ingot. Now the holder of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. We are willing to entrust this silver ingot to our company to find a buyer through network media on its behalf. If you are interested in this collection, you can call the enterprise contact number: 400 686 3616 for discussion.