古玩城2020精品推荐第八期：元代龙泉大碗

龙泉窑是中国历史上的一个名窑，宋代六大窑系。汉族传统制瓷工艺的珍品。因其主要产区在浙江省龙泉市而得名。它开创于三国两晋，结束于清代，生产瓷器的历史长达1600多年，是中国制瓷历史上最长的一个瓷窑系，它的产品畅销于亚洲、非洲、欧洲的许多国家和地区，影响十分深远。龙泉窑以烧制青瓷而闻名，在北宋早期以前的产品风格受越窑、瓯窑、婺州窑的影响，特征与三窑的产品相似。胎质较粗，胎体较厚，釉色淡青，釉层稍簿。

Longquan kiln is a famous kiln in Chinese history. A treasure of traditional Chinese porcelain making techniques. It is named for its main producing area in longquan city, zhejiang province. It began in The Three Kingdoms and two jin dynasties and ended in the qing dynasty. The production history of porcelain has been as long as 1600 years. It is the longest porcelain kiln system in the history of Chinese porcelain making. Longquan kiln is famous for firing celadon. Before the early northern song dynasty, the product style was influenced by yue kilns, oukilns and wuzhou kilns, and its characteristics were similar to those of the three kilns. The foetus is thicker, the foetus is thicker, the glaze color is light blue, the glaze layer is a little thin.

龙泉青瓷有哥窑和弟窑之分。哥窑特点是黑胎厚釉，瓷器釉面布满裂纹，呈现金丝铁线、紫口铁足的特征。由于窑温不易控制，优等青瓷极难得，往往成为帝王将相专用。史称中国五大名窑的官窑、哥窑、汝窑、定窑和钧窑中的哥窑，指的就是龙泉的青瓷。弟窑的特点是白胎厚釉，外形光洁不开片。弟窑瓷品青如玉、明如镜、薄如纸、声如磬，赏之让人心情畅然。在宋、元时，出口到外国的龙泉青瓷大多是弟窑所产。

Longquan celadon is divided into brother kiln and brother kiln. Ge kiln is characterized by thick black glaze, porcelain glaze is full of cracks, showing the characteristics of gold wire wire, purple mouth iron foot. Because the kiln temperature is not easy to control, excellent celadon is very rare, often become emperors and generals. It was the celadon of longquan that was referred to as the "ge kiln", "ge kiln", "ru kiln", "ding kiln" and "jun kiln". Younger brother kiln is characterized by thick glaze white foetus, the shape is bright and clean. Younger brother kiln porcelain is as green as jade, bright as mirror, thin as paper, sound as qing, appreciation of people's mood. During the song and yuan dynasties, most of the longquan celadon exported to foreign countries was produced by younger kilns.

粉青釉，略带乳浊性的一种青釉，龙泉窑首创，在石灰釉内掺入“乌釉”制成的石灰碱釉。这种粉青釉的釉层内含有大量小气泡与未熔石英颗粒，能对进入釉层的光线发生强烈散射，使釉的外观产生晶莹温润的视觉效果。釉色青绿淡雅，釉面光泽柔和，达到类玉的效果，为青釉中最佳色调之一。

Blue glaze powder, slightly opaque a kind of blue glaze, longquan kiln first, in the lime glaze mixed with "black glaze" made of lime alkali glaze. The glaze layer of this powder blue glaze contains a large number of small bubbles and not melted quartz particles, can enter the glaze layer of light scattering, so that the appearance of the glaze crystal warm visual effect. Glaze green elegant, soft glaze luster, to achieve the effect of jade, as one of the best colors in the blue glaze.

此器，敞口，小圈足，由腰直底部，斜削而下。通体内外皆施粉青釉，釉质肥厚莹润，釉面温润柔滑，釉光清澈明亮。底部不施釉，露其原本乳白色胎色。此器，造型秀美，做工细腻。呈现出瓷器端庄大气，朴实无华之美。

This device has a diameter of 15.5cm, a foot diameter of 5.8cm and a height of 5.3cm. Open, small circle foot, straight bottom by the waist, oblique cut and down. Both inside and outside of the body are applied powder blue glaze, enamel hypertrophy jade-embellish, glaze soft and smooth, glaze light clear and bright. The bottom is unglazed to reveal its original milky white finish. This device, beautiful shape, exquisite workmanship. Present a porcelain dignified atmosphere, plain and unadorned beauty.

龙泉器物胎质坚硬灰白，釉层薄而透明，以“青翠欲滴，温润如玉”而著称。龙泉青瓷精湛的烧造技术不仅经久不衰，而且龙泉窑是窑场数量最多、窑业规模最大、制品类型最为丰富、销售范围最广范的青瓷名窑。元代龙泉青瓷从原料配方到烧瓷工艺，从器物品类到装饰技法、纹样，在传承南宋工艺的基础上均有创新，是中国历代青瓷工艺技术发展集大成者。

It has an open mouth and small circle feet. It is straight from the waist to the bottom, and is inclined to cut down. The glaze is thick and lustrous, the glaze surface is warm and smooth, and the glaze light is clear and bright. The bottom is not glazed, showing its original milky color. It has beautiful shape and exquisite workmanship. It shows the elegant atmosphere and simple beauty of porcelain.

龙泉窑釉色将青山、绿水、蓝天、草地万般青色溶进釉层，恬静淡雅，犹如美玉，凝聚了自然界的灵魂之色。明中期龙泉窑传入欧洲，人们被那迷人的釉色所倾倒，无法用词汇形容。法国当时正上演著名小说家杜尔夫写的《牧羊女亚司泰来》，当主人公雪拉同身着一袭青色衣裳出场时，人们认为只有这种青色才能与之媲美，于是“雪拉同”成了欧洲人对青瓷的美称。记录西方与中国瓷器贸易的《葡萄牙王国记述》一书称：“龙泉青瓷是人们所发明的最美丽的东西，看起来比所有的金、银、水晶都更可爱。”一千多年来，龙泉窑深入到人们生活、艺术的方方面面，产品制作规整、造型端庄优雅、釉色柔和含蓄，符合儒家文化思想，极具艺术之美。

The glaze color of longquan kiln will be green mountains, green water, blue sky, grassland all kinds of blue color into the glaze layer, quiet and elegant, just like jade, condensed the color of the soul of nature. In the middle Ming dynasty, longquan kiln was introduced into Europe. People were overwhelmed by the charming glaze, which could not be described by words. France was playing astelle the shepherdess by the famous novelist dourf. When the hero, shirato, appeared in a blue dress, people thought that only this blue color could match it, so "shirato" became a European name for celadon. "Longquan celadon is the most beautiful thing ever invented. It looks cuter than all the gold, silver and crystal," says the account of the kingdom of Portugal, a book that documents the porcelain trade between the west and China. For more than one thousand years, longquan kiln has penetrated into all aspects of people's life and art, with neat product production, dignified and elegant shape, soft and subtle glaze color, in line with Confucian cultural thought, and extremely artistic beauty.

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