艺品在线2020精品推荐第7期：元釉里红瓷碗

元代制瓷工艺在我国陶瓷史上占有极为重要的地位。元代的钧窑、磁州窑、霍窑、龙泉窑、德化窑等主要窑场，在前代的基础上，仍继续生产传统品种。而且因为外销瓷的增加，生产规模普遍扩大，大型器物增多，烧造技术也更加成熟。景德镇窑在制瓷工艺上有了新的突破，首先是制胎原料的进步，采用瓷石加高岭土的“二元配方”法，提高了烧成温度，减少了器物变形，因而能烧造出颇有气势的大型器物。再者是高温颜色釉瓷的烧造成熟，结束了元代以前瓷器的釉色主要是仿玉类银的局面。元代创烧了不少新的瓷器品种，特别是青花、釉里红的烧成，使具有强烈中国气派与风格的釉下彩瓷器发展到一个新的阶段，在中国陶瓷史上具有重要的意义。

The porcelain making technology of Yuan Dynasty occupies a very important position in the history of China's ceramics. The main kilns of Yuan Dynasty, such as Jun kiln, Cizhou kiln, Huo kiln, Longquan kiln and Dehua kiln, continued to produce traditional varieties on the basis of previous dynasties. Moreover, with the increase of export porcelain, the production scale has been generally expanded, and the large-scale artifacts have increased, and the firing technology has become more mature. Jingdezhen kiln has made a new breakthrough in porcelain making technology. First of all, it is the progress of raw materials for tire making. The "binary formula" method of porcelain stone and kaolin is adopted to increase the firing temperature and reduce the deformation of utensils. As a result, large-scale utensils with great momentum can be produced. Moreover, the maturity of high-temperature color glaze porcelain ended the situation that the glaze color of porcelain before Yuan Dynasty was mainly imitation jade and silver. Many new porcelain varieties were created and burned in Yuan Dynasty, especially the firing of blue and white porcelain and underglaze red porcelain, which made the underglaze color porcelain with strong Chinese style and style develop to a new stage, which is of great significance in the history of Chinese ceramics.

元釉里红是元代汉族传统瓷器烧造中最具有代表性的一个品种。釉里红是用氧化铜在坯胎上绘画纹饰后罩透明釉，在还原气氛中一次高温烧出的白地红花瓷器。元釉里红与元青花制作工序大体相同。它们同为釉下彩，唯呈红色、蓝色各异。它们同样是用笔在胎上绘画纹饰，但用料铜、钴有别。它们同需在高温下烧成，但对气氛要求不同。釉里红对窑室中的气氛要求严格，铜非得在还原焰气氛中才呈现红色，而青花对窑室中的气氛要求稍宽，窑室气氛的变化对钴呈蓝色的影响不大，因此，青花的烧成相对容易，釉里红由于烧成难度大，产量极低，传世与出土的元代釉里红瓷器都很少，可见它的历史性、艺术性、珍贵性，堪称汉民族陶瓷艺术的瑰宝。

Yuan underglaze red is one of the most representative varieties of Han traditional porcelain in Yuan Dynasty. Underglaze red is a kind of white ground saffron porcelain which is decorated with copper oxide and covered with transparent glaze in reducing atmosphere. The production process of Yuan underglaze red and Yuan blue and white is roughly the same. They are both underglaze colors, but different in red and blue. They also use pens to paint patterns on the tire, but the materials used are different between copper and cobalt. Both of them need to be fired at high temperature, but the requirements for atmosphere are different. Underglaze red has strict requirements on the atmosphere in the kiln chamber. Copper must be red only in the atmosphere of reducing flame, while blue and white require a slightly wider atmosphere in the kiln chamber. The change of kiln atmosphere has little effect on cobalt blue. Therefore, the firing of blue and white is relatively easy. The production of underglaze red porcelain in Yuan Dynasty is very low due to its high firing difficulty, which shows its history Sex, artistry and rarity can be called the treasure of the ceramic art of the Han nationality.

釉里红瓷器在元代属首创阶段，纹饰比较简单，不像青花纹饰那样繁密细致。题材相应减少，不及青花题材那样丰富多样，多见缠枝莲、缠枝牡丹等等，边饰多为变体莲瓣、云肩、蕉叶、回纹、弦纹等。因“釉里红”瓷器的炼制难度极高，稍有偏差，便往往不能达到预期的一抹艳红。色彩鲜艳的“釉里红”难得一见，故元釉里红颜色为浅红、黑红、灰黑色的较多，这也是元代釉里红瓷器的鉴别要点。元代釉里红瓷也具有胎子细密、坚致、洁白，釉子白中闪青，非常光润的特点。纹饰器型多为大罐、高足杯、玉壶春瓶、大盘、碗等等。

In the Yuan Dynasty, the underglaze red porcelain was first created, and its decorative patterns were relatively simple, not as dense and detailed as the blue and white patterns. The themes are reduced correspondingly, not as rich and diverse as the blue and white themes. The most common ornaments are tangzhilian, Wenzhi peony and so on. The border decorations are mostly variant lotus petals, cloud shoulders, banana leaves, palindromes, string patterns, etc. It is very difficult to refine the "underglaze red" porcelain. If there is a slight deviation, it can not achieve the expected red. The bright "underglaze red" is rarely seen, so the underglaze red colors of Yuan Dynasty are light red, black red and gray black, which is also the main identification point of Yuan Dynasty underglaze red porcelain. The Yuan Dynasty underglaze red porcelain also has the characteristics of fine, firm and white fetus, and the glaze is bright blue in white, which is very smooth. Most of the patterns are large jars, Gaozu cups, jade pots, spring bottles, large plates, bowls and so on.

此釉里红瓷碗，碗底绘锦鲤为主题纹饰，边饰绘以蕉叶纹、莲瓣纹、卷草纹等。此碗造型端庄优美，古朴典雅，纹饰流畅洒脱，错落有致，因元代釉里红烧造工艺尚未成熟，故釉里红色泽不够纯正，此碗釉里红呈猪肝色，绘画线条不清晰、晕散明显、呈色不稳定、有飞红现象，但它仍以其独特的风格和别具匠心的工艺显示出元代釉里红工艺的风采，实属当今罕见的元代釉里红瓷，弥足珍贵。

The bottom of the bowl is decorated with brocade carp as the theme, while the edge decoration is painted with banana leaf pattern, lotus leaf pattern and curling grass pattern. This bowl is dignified and beautiful, simple and elegant, with smooth and free patterns. Due to the immaturity of the underglaze red firing process of Yuan Dynasty, the underglaze red color is not pure enough. The bowl underglaze red is pig liver color, with unclear painting lines, obvious halo, unstable color and flying red appearance, but it still shows the process of Yuan Dynasty underglaze red with its unique style and unique craftsmanship It is a rare underglaze red porcelain of Yuan Dynasty.

此件藏品现在展卖于艺品在线商城平台中，据持宝人介绍说，这件瓷器是祖上传下来的。曾让专家老师鉴定过，绝世精品。在本公司得知其有这件罕见珍品，特邀其持这件瓷器参加，现持宝人因资金周转困难原因。忍痛割爱愿将此件瓷器委托本公司代其通过网络媒体进行寻找买家。如对此藏品有兴趣收藏者，可拨打企业联系电话：400 686 3616进行洽谈。

The collection is now on sale in the art online mall platform. According to the treasure holder, the porcelain was handed down by ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a masterpiece. We learned that he had this rare treasure and invited him to take part in it. Now the holder of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. We are willing to entrust this porcelain to our company to find a buyer through network media. If you are interested in this collection, you can call the enterprise contact number: 400 686 3616 for discussion.