垚舜艺术精品推荐：双龙戏珠纹、龙凤麒麟纹澄泥砚一对-精品赏析

砚，也称“砚台”。中国传统文房用具，始于汉代。文房四宝之一。以笔蘸墨写字，笔、墨、砚三者密不可分。砚虽然在“笔墨纸砚”的排次中位居殿军，但从某一方面来说，却居领衔地位，所谓“四宝”砚为首，这是由于它质地坚实，能传之百代的缘故。Inkstone, also known as "inkstone". Chinese traditional stationery began in the Han Dynasty. One of the four treasures of the study. To write with a pen dipped in ink, pen, ink and inkstone are inseparable. Although inkstone ranks in the rank of "pen, ink, paper and inkstone", it is in the leading position in a certain way. The so-called "four treasures" inkstone is the first, which is due to its solid texture and can be handed down for hundreds of generations.

澄泥砚已有千年历史。在唐时，河南虢州、山西绛县、山东青州已成为制作澄泥砚的著名产地；在现代，澄泥砚的产地有河南洛阳、河北钜鹿、山东青州、山西绛县等地。澄泥砚属于泥陶砚的一种非石砚；澄泥砚制作始于晋唐时期，兴盛于宋代；其特点是质地坚硬耐磨，易于发墨，且不耗墨，可与石砚媲美。澄泥砚是黄河文化、民族文化的代表，在唐宋时期为御用贡品。Chengni inkstone has a history of thousands of years. In Tang Dynasty, Guozhou of Henan Province, Jiangxian County of Shanxi Province and Qingzhou of Shandong Province have become famous producing areas of Chengni inkstone; in modern times, the producing areas of Chengni inkstone include Luoyang of Henan Province, Julu of Hebei Province, Qingzhou of Shandong Province and Jiangxian County of Shanxi Province. Chengni inkstone is a kind of non stone inkstone of clay pottery inkstone. The production of Chengni inkstone began in Jin and Tang Dynasties and flourished in Song Dynasty. Its characteristics are hard and wear-resistant, easy to ink, and no consumption of ink, comparable to stone inkstone. Chengni inkstone is a representative of the Yellow River culture and national culture. It was used as a royal tribute in Tang and Song dynasties.

澄泥砚之所以倍受赞誉是因为它拥有四大独有的特色：

　　一是质地佳，澄泥砚质坚如石，耐磨持久，泽若美玉，击若钟磬。宋代米芾在他对砚的有关论述中，盛赞澄泥砚坚实如此——“扣致金声，刀之不入”。

　　二是发墨好，古人把澄泥砚视为“陶之属”，“性坚而不燥、润笔不损毫”，因其细腻如泥，发墨快，发墨性强，且不渗水。

　　三是色彩奇，澄泥砚的颜色纯正、大方，它的“五光十色”是端歙、洮砚等名砚所没有的，当时甚至流行以颜色来挑选区分澄泥砚的优劣，如“鳝鱼黄为上，其次是朱砂红、绿豆砂、豆瓣砂、玫瑰紫、胭脂红、蟹壳灰、炭黑。”不过澄泥砚的色彩虽千变万化却绝无艳丽妖冶之态。

　　四是雕刻美，澄泥砚造型生动，雕工讲究，飞禽走兽，花鸟鱼虫无一不是澄泥砚的创作澄泥砚的创作对象。圆雕、浮雕、透雕、线刻等雕刻技法统一运用于一方澄泥砚中，“其形小则柔美玲珑，大则敦厚气派，摹人则清秀俊雅，状物则灵动华丽。”

The reason why Chengni inkstone is highly praised is that it has four unique characteristics

First, the texture is good, Chengni inkstone is as hard as stone, wear-resistant and durable, like jade and chime. In his discussion on inkstone in Song Dynasty, Mi Fu praised Chengni inkstone as solid as this: "buckle to the sound of gold, the knife can not enter.".

Second, it is good for ink making. The ancients regarded Chengni inkstone as "the property of pottery" because it is delicate, quick, strong and impermeable.

Third, the color of Chengni inkstone is pure and generous. Its "colorful" is not found in famous inkstones such as Duanhe and Taoyan. At that time, it was even popular to select the advantages and disadvantages of Chengni inkstone by color. For example, "eel yellow is the first, followed by cinnabar, mung bean sand, Douban sand, rose purple, carmine, crab shell ash, carbon black." However, although the color of Chengni inkstone is changeable, it is not gorgeous and enchanting.

The fourth is the beauty of sculpture. Chengni inkstone is vivid in shape, exquisite in carving, birds, birds, fish and insects. Sculpture techniques such as round carving, relief carving, openwork carving and line engraving are applied to a piece of Chengni inkstone, "its small shape is soft and exquisite, its large is graceful and generous, its imitation of people is delicate and elegant, and its shape is vivid and gorgeous."

此对藏品为浮雕双龙戏珠纹澄泥砚与浮雕龙凤麒麟纹澄泥砚，藏品整体样式、图案极为大方典雅，虽有磨损，但品相精致。砚台本身由砚身、砚盖组合而成，此款式可谓十分讲究。藏品上雕刻有浮雕龙纹、凤纹、麒麟等神兽。祥云袅袅，雕工精细，栩栩如生。神龙飞跃而起，凤凰展翅翱翔，麒麟身姿矫健，端正威仪，展示了神兽的霸气，其雕工流畅，技艺精湛，完美地体现了中国神兽的神秘色彩，而神兽纹历来是皇室贵族专属，普通人可望而不可即，尤为可贵。

The collection is made of relief double dragon playing pearl pattern and relief Dragon Phoenix Qilin pattern. The overall style and pattern of the collection are very generous and elegant. Although there is wear and tear, it is exquisite in appearance. The inkstone itself is composed of the body and the cover of the inkstone. This style can be said to be very exquisite. The collection is carved with relief dragon, Phoenix, unicorn and other animals. The auspicious clouds curl and the carving is delicate and lifelike. The Dragon leaped up and the Phoenix soared. The unicorn was vigorous and dignified. It showed the domineering power of the beast. Its carving was smooth and exquisite, which perfectly reflected the mysterious color of Chinese divine beast. The pattern of divine beast has always been exclusive to the royal family and nobles, and ordinary people can't expect it, which is particularly valuable.

澄泥砚之所以备受历代帝王和文人雅士所推崇，与其纷繁复杂的工艺、出众的品质特性有关。首先，要将一个特制的双层绢袋吊挂于河流中，河水裹带的泥沙流入绢袋，经第一层过滤后沉入第二层绢袋的细泥即为澄泥，光是这样的淘洗澄结就需要一两年的时间。再将滤制出的澄泥放置一年以上，历经冬夏以去其燥性才可以使用。以这样的细泥为原料惨进黄丹团揉搓，再放入模具成型，用竹刀雕琢，待其干燥后放进窑内烧，最后裹上黑腊烧制而成的砚，坚如铁石，质地细腻，犹如婴儿皮肤一般，并且贮水不涸，历寒不冰，易于发墨而不损笔毫，堪称上品。澄泥砚是烧制而成，特殊的窑变工艺，使其成色纹路表现出丰富多样的变化，同一窑产品，既有颜色单一者，又有集众色于一身者，几乎没有完全相同的。因此可以说，无论哪种色泽的一方澄泥砚，都是一个独一无二的存在。澄泥砚出于水而成与火，材质为土，烧窑需木，出炉成金，小小的一方砚，却融入了中国古老文化之阴阳五行，这又给澄泥砚带来了几分神秘，也为其增添了无穷的魅力。

The reason why Chengni inkstone is highly praised by emperors and literati in the past dynasties is related to its complicated technology and outstanding quality characteristics. First of all, a special double-layer silk bag should be hung in the river. The sediment wrapped in the river flows into the silk bag. After the first layer of filtration, the fine mud that sinks into the second layer of silk bag is the clarified mud. It takes a year or two to clear the sediment. After that, the sludge can be used only after it has gone through winter and summer to remove its dryness. This kind of fine mud is used as raw material and kneaded in Huangdan ball. Then it is moulded and carved with bamboo knife. After drying, it is put into the kiln and burned. Finally, it is wrapped with Black wax. It is as hard as iron stone and delicate as a baby's skin. Besides, the water is not dried up and the cold is not frozen. It is easy to make ink without damaging the brush. It is called the top grade. Chengni inkstone is made by firing. The special kiln transformation technology makes its finished color patterns show rich and varied changes. The same kiln products have not only single color, but also a combination of various colors, almost not the same. Therefore, it can be said that no matter what kind of color one side of Chengni inkstone, is a unique existence. Chengni inkstone is made of water and fire. It is made of earth, wood is needed for firing kiln, and gold is made out of furnace. However, a small inkstone is integrated with the Yin-Yang and five elements of ancient Chinese culture, which brings some mystery to Chengni inkstone and adds infinite charm to it.