“天启通宝十一两”是明朝熹宗皇帝执政期间铸造的，明朝天启年间所铸的“天启通宝”，开启了我国古代钱币背面版式多样化的先河。
"Tianqi Tongbao 11 Liang" was cast during the reign of emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty. The "Tianqi Tongbao" was cast in the reign of emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, which opened a precedent for the diversification of the back layout of ancient coins in China.
天启通宝是明朝朱元璋时与嘉靖元年开始铸造的铜钱，是明代流通量最多的钱币之一。明熹宗，天启元年八月补铸完其父年号钱“泰昌通宝”，随即开铸天启通宝。不少钱币收藏爱好者，只知道有明代“天启通宝”钱，而不太清楚元代也有“天启通宝”钱。元至正十一年徐寿辉起义，攻占蕲水，建立政权，国号天完，年号治平。1356年，徐寿辉迁都汉阳（今湖北武汉），1358年，改年号为天启，铸“天启通宝”铜钱，有小平，折二，折三，面文楷书（折二又有见篆书者）书体端正，由于天启作为年号的时间很短，铸钱不多。为了区别这两种“天启通宝”，钱币界就将其分别称为徐天启和明天启。
Tianqi Tongbao, one of the most popular coins in the Ming Dynasty, was coined during the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang and the first year of Jiajing. Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, in August of the first year of Tianqi, finished casting his father's name "Taichang Tongbao", and then started casting Tianqi Tongbao. Many coin collectors only know that there are "Tianqi Tongbao" money in Ming Dynasty, but they don't know that there was "Tianqi Tongbao" money in Yuan Dynasty. In the 11th year of Zhizheng period of Yuan Dynasty, Xu Shouhui revolted, occupied Qishui, and established political power, with the title of Tianwan and Zhiping. In 1356, Xu Shouhui moved his capital to Hanyang (now Wuhan, Hubei Province). In 1358, he changed the year number to Tianqi and cast "Tianqi Tongbao" copper coins. Some of them were Xiaoping, folded into two or three, and the regular script script in face script (there were seal script characters in the second part of the book) had a correct style. Because Tianqi was used as the year number for a very short time, there were not many coins. In order to distinguish these two kinds of "Tianqi Tongbao", they are called Xu Tianqi and tomorrow Qi respectively.
明熹宗，天启元年八月补铸完其父年号钱“泰昌通宝”，随即开铸天启通宝。
Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, in August of the first year of Tianqi, finished casting his father's name "Taichang Tongbao", and then started casting Tianqi Tongbao.
天启二年设立了户部宝泉局，名“钱法堂”，从此由户部主管铸钱。这时全国形成了三个造币中心，分别为两京及四川地区，但天启三年（公元1628年），宦官魏忠贤专权，宦官乱政，滥铸情况又出现，地方钱局大量出现，因此所铸的天启钱版本极多，差异大。钱背文大量的出现记地，记局，记重等形式。此前仅万历时期出现过，但版本有限。所以明朝钱币制式的复杂时期是从天启年间开始的。天启年为了弥补财政的亏空，继以往的方法，仍采用增加铸钱量来解决。在这种情况下，全国各省钱局铸造滥钱恶钱，好赚取利润。大量的轻劣钱掺入官钱充数，与明朝前期制钱力求精整美观的传统形成了鲜明的对比。
In the second year of Tianqi, the Baoquan Bureau of Hubu was established, which was named "Qianfa Tang". From then on, the head of Hubu made money. At that time, there were three minting centers in the whole country, namely Liangjing and Sichuan. However, in 1628, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian monopolized the power, and the eunuch disordered politics and coined indiscriminately, and a large number of local money bureaus appeared. Therefore, there were many versions of Tianqi coins. Qian beiwen appeared in a large number of forms, such as recording the land, recording the Bureau, recording the weight and so on. Before this, only Wanli period appeared, but the version is limited. Therefore, the complex period of Ming Dynasty coin system began from Tianqi period. In order to make up for the financial deficit in the year of Tianqi, we still adopted the method of increasing the amount of casting money to solve the problem. In this case, the money bureaus of all provinces in the country make money to make profits. A large amount of light and bad money was mixed into official money to fill up the money.
“天启通宝”初铸为小平钱，天启二年七月开铸当十大钱。天启五年十月，因官私所铸大钱过多过劣，下令停铸，并由朝廷出白银，回收当十钱，大钱铸期不过三年。
"Tianqi Tongbao" was initially cast as Xiaoping coin, and in July of the second year of Tianqi, it was the top ten coins. In October of the fifth year of Tianqi, due to the excessive amount and poor quality of the official and private coins, the government ordered to stop casting, and the imperial court issued silver and recovered it as ten coins. The period of big money casting was no more than three years.
元天启钱“天”字饱满有力，尤其一捺，刚劲有力，非大手笔不能为之；“启”字繁体结构中的“户”字，非常特别为横户；“通”字和“宝”字有瘦金体风味，显然受宋钱“大观通宝”和“崇宁通宝”影响较大。明“天启通宝”钱“启”字左上部的“户”字，其上不是点，而是一横，与下部“尸”字不相连，而元“天启”的“启”字上的“尸”字上方一横是连接的，二者有明显不同。这是鉴别明“天启通宝”和元“天启通宝”钱最明显的特征。
The word "Tian" of Tianqi coin in Yuan Dynasty is full and powerful, especially if it is suppressed. It can not be done without a large amount of writing. The word "Hu" in the traditional structure of "Qi" is very special for Henghu; "Tong" and "Bao" have a thin and Golden style, which is obviously influenced by "Daguan Tongbao" and "Chongning Tongbao" in Song Dynasty. The word "Hu" in the upper left of Qian "Qi" in "Tianqi Tongbao" of the Ming Dynasty is not a dot, but a horizontal line, which is not connected with the word "corpse" at the lower part. However, the upper part of the word "corpse" on the "Qi" of "Tianqi" in the Yuan Dynasty is connected. There are obvious differences between the two. This is the most obvious feature of distinguishing "Tianqi Tongbao" in Ming Dynasty and "Tianqi Tongbao" in Yuan Dynasty.
此枚钱币为明代天启通宝，背十一两，藏品品相完好，保存至今是钱币珍藏不可多得的精品。
This coin is the Ming Dynasty Tianqi Tongbao, with 11 Liang on its back. The collection is in good condition. It is a rare and exquisite coin collection.
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