咸丰年制压胜钱

厌胜,典出《汉书·王莽传》:“莽亲之南郊,铸作威斗。威斗者,以五石铜为之,若北斗,长二尺五寸,欲以厌胜众兵。”后来“厌胜”演变成了古代方士的一种巫术——厌胜法,当时人们认为运用厌胜法就可以制服他们想要制服的人和物。厌胜法的“厌”读作ya,据《说文解字》解释:厌,笮也,今人作压。所以通常又把厌胜法称作压胜法。杜甫《石犀行》云:“自古虽有压胜法,天生江水向东流。”厌胜钱实际上就是人们据厌胜法的本义,为避邪祈福而制造的一种饰物,供佩带赏玩,厌服邪魅、求取吉祥。厌胜钱最早起源于汉代,自魏晋南北朝,历经宋辽金元,厌胜钱得到了全面发展,品种、数量均比前期丰富。到了明清两代,厌胜钱币的铸造和流传达鼎盛时期,内容几乎涉及到人们生活的各个领域,称谓更是名目繁多。其形制、铭文、纹饰都达到精美绝伦的境界。 文化民俗:“厌胜”,亦称“压胜”,意为用咒诅制服人物鬼怪。钱以“厌胜”命名,是因古人笃信钱币可以通神役鬼。从传世实物和典籍记载看,中国古代的厌胜钱是一个品类繁多的大家族,从赞颂吉祥的“祝寿钱”、“洗儿钱”、“撒帐钱”,到厌魅解厄的“辟兵钱”、“神咒钱”、“八宝钱”;从祈嗣求子的“男钱”、“女钱”、“秘戏钱”,到嬉戏娱乐的“棋钱”、“马钱”、“灯谜钱”……几乎遍及社会生活的各个领域。埋藏在护珠塔砖下的,则属于“镇宅钱”一类。

Disgusted, the "Han Shu·Wang Mang Biography" was published: "The southern suburbs of the reckless relatives make a mighty battle. The mighty fighters use five stones and copper as the master, like a north dipper, two feet and five inches long, and want to defeat the soldiers "Later, "satisfaction" evolved into a witchcraft of ancient alchemists-the method of succumbing to victory. At that time, people thought that the method of succumbing to victory could subdue the people and things they wanted to subdue. The word "tired" in the method of disgusting victory is pronounced ya. According to the "Shuowen Jiezi" explanation: disgusting, ruo, today's people are oppressive. Therefore, it is usually referred to as the overwhelming method. Du Fu's "Stone Rhinoceros" says: "Although there has been a method of overcoming victory since ancient times, the river is born to flow eastward." In fact, the triumphant money is actually a kind of ornament made by people to avoid evil and pray for blessings for wearing and enjoying. , Disgusted with evil and charm, seeking good luck. Dishengqian originated in the Han Dynasty. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, through the Song, Liao, Jinyuan and Yuan Dynasties, Dishengqian has developed in an all-round way, and its variety and quantity are more abundant than the previous period. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the casting and circulation of coins were in their heyday. The content involved almost all areas of people's lives, and the titles were even more numerous. Its shape, inscriptions and decorations have reached the state of exquisite exquisiteness. Cultural and folklore: "Satisfaction", also known as "compression victory", means using curses to subdue characters and ghosts. The name of the money is "disgusting" because the ancients believed that money could be used to conquer ghosts. Judging from the handed down objects and ancient records, the ancient Chinese dying money is a large family with a wide range of categories, from the auspicious "birthday money", "laundering money", "spreading the account money", to the "disgusting" Money for soldiers, money for gods, and money for eight treasures; from money for men, money for women, and money for secret games to pray for children, to money for chess and horse "Money", "Riddle money"...... Almost all areas of social life. Buried under the bricks of the bead protection tower belongs to the category of "town house money".

咸丰厌胜钱,也叫做压胜钱,也叫押胜钱。压胜钱,并非流通币。它起源于西汉,至清末民初都有铸造。它最初的本义主要是压邪攘灾和喜庆祈福两大类。到了后来,厌胜钱所指的范围越来越广,诸如开炉、镇库、馈赠、赏赐、祝福、辟灾、占卜、玩赏、戏作、配饰、生肖等等,都铸厌胜钱。发展到后来使用范围越来越广,按不同的用途,大略可分为纪念、厌胜、凭信、上梁、供养、博奕、吉语、成语、戏作等品类。咸丰厌胜钱,是用作吉利品或辟邪物的一种“特种货币”。 纵观历朝历代的厌胜钱,各种书法、图案内容,多是体现当时的礼俗时尚,因此厌胜钱对考察各朝代的政治、民俗、文化都具有极高的参考价值。厌胜钱的材质多种多样,除了铜质,还有金、银、锡、铅等材质。厌胜钱的产生、发展与当时社会的诸多方面有很大的关系,它大都反映人们祈求太平盛世的美好愿望。因厌胜钱的图案品种繁多,铸造工艺多样,材质各异,因此水平良莠不齐。加上官方也铸造过不少不作通货流通的开炉、镇库、馈赠、赏赐、祝福、玩赏等花钱。使花钱品类更加丰富。

Xianfeng hates winning money, also called winning money, or betting money. Winning money is not a currency in circulation. It originated in the Western Han Dynasty and was cast in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. The original meaning of it was mainly two categories: suppressing evil and fighting disasters and celebrating blessings. Later on, the scope of disgusting money became more and more extensive, such as opening furnaces, treasury, gifts, rewards, blessings, disaster prevention, divination, rewards, dramas, accessories, zodiac, etc., all casting disgusting money. Later, it has become more and more widely used. According to different purposes, it can be roughly divided into categories such as memorial, disgusting, trustworthy, beaming, support, game, auspicious language, idioms, and drama. Xianfeng hates money and is a kind of "special currency" used as auspicious goods or evil spirits. Throughout the history of dynasties, the contents of various calligraphy and patterns mostly reflect the etiquette and fashion of the time. Therefore, the ties of money are of extremely high reference value for investigating the politics, folklore, and culture of each dynasty. There are many kinds of materials used in the money, in addition to copper, there are also gold, silver, tin, lead and other materials. The generation and development of disgusting money has a lot to do with many aspects of society at that time. It mostly reflects people's wish for peace and prosperity. Because of the wide variety of patterns, various casting techniques and different materials, the level of good and bad is uneven. In addition, the government has also cast a lot of money for opening furnaces, treasury, gifts, rewards, blessings, and rewards that are not used for currency circulation. Make money-spending categories richer.

中国古代钱币中有一部分非正式行用的钱币,它们虽然铸造成钱币的形状,但却不能行使货币的职能,这就是厌胜钱,亦称为“压胜钱”。因大多数有花纹图案、供赏玩,故民间俗称为“花钱”、“玩钱”。厌胜钱上面的图案有反映古代民俗的内容,所以又有学者将之称作“民俗钱”。历代厌胜钱官方与民间均有铸造,但大都是民间私铸。材料一般是金、银、铜、锡、象牙,其中尤以铜质居多。厌胜钱主要用于馈赠、玩赏、配饰、卜卦、辟邪等,种类繁多,形制各异,是中国古代丰富多彩的货币宝库中的一朵奇葩。厌胜钱是中国古钱与民风、民俗渊源关系的一种体现,上面的图案多与历史上的宗教信仰、民间艺术、社会风俗、神秘文化有关,具有很高的收藏和鉴赏价值。

In ancient Chinese coins, there are some informally used coins. Although they are cast into the shape of coins, they cannot perform the functions of currency. This is called smashing money, also known as "squeezing money." Because most of them have patterns and designs, they are popularly called "spending money" and "playing money". The patterns on the sizzling money reflect ancient folk customs, so some scholars call it "folk money". Throughout the dynasties, both the official and the folks have made castings, but most of them are private castings. The materials are generally gold, silver, copper, tin, and ivory, with copper in the majority. It is mainly used for gifts, entertainment, accessories, divination, and evil spirits. It has a wide variety of different shapes and is a wonderful flower in the rich and colorful currency treasure house in ancient China. Worrying money is a manifestation of the relationship between ancient Chinese money and folk customs and folk customs. The patterns above are mostly related to historical religious beliefs, folk art, social customs, and mysterious culture, and have high collection and appreciation value.