古玩城2020精品推荐第九期：大清乾隆描金乳白釉粉彩罐

粉彩是一种釉上彩装饰瓷，因其彩料中含有铅粉成分而得此名。粉彩瓷又叫软彩瓷，景德镇窑四大传统名瓷之一，汉族传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，是以粉彩为主要装饰手法的瓷器品种。粉彩是一种釉上（在瓷胎上）彩绘经低温烧成的彩绘方法。粉彩需两次入窑才能烧造成功，首先在1300度以上的高温下烧成瓷胎，在出窑的白瓷上再进行画彩，随后将其放入700～750度的窑内进行二次烘烤后才能制成粉彩成品。由于粉彩在制作时其焙烧温度比五彩瓷略低，故粉彩要比五彩绚烂许多，色调以淡雅柔丽见长，在视觉上让人感觉更加温馨。

Pink is a kind of glazed decorative porcelain, which is named because it contains lead powder in its color. Pink porcelain is also called soft color porcelain, one of the four traditional famous porcelain in Jingdezhen Kiln, and the treasures in the traditional Chinese porcelain making process are porcelain varieties with pastel as the main decorative technique. Pink is a method of painting on glazes(on porcelain tires) painted at low temperatures. The pastels need to be burned twice in the kiln to be successful. First, the porcelain tires are burned at a high temperature of 1300 degrees or more, painted on the white porcelain of the kiln, and then placed in a kiln of 700 to 750 degrees. After baking, it can be made into a pastel product. Since the baking temperature of pastel is slightly lower than that of multicolored porcelain when it is made, pastel is much better than multicolored, and the hue is known for its elegant and soft color, which makes people feel more warm visually.

乾隆时期粉彩瓷器上描绘的图案主题一般按照不同节气和时令来描绘。在《清宫档案》中曾有详细记载：“如乾隆八年十二月初九日，太监传旨，烧造年节用三羊开泰、上元节用五谷丰登、端阳节用艾叶灵符、七夕节用鹊桥仙渡、万寿节用万寿无疆、中秋节用丹桂飘香、九月九用重阳菊花之类、寻常赏花用万花献瑞，俱按时令花样烧造。”从以上记载不难看出，宫廷粉彩的绘画纹样，决不是随意涂抹，虽然表现为程式化构图，但最终形成乾隆粉彩“有图必有意，有意必吉祥”的特色，这一构图风格一直延续至晚清。除此之外，粉彩中还常配有乾隆皇帝的御题诗，诗文有真、草、隶、篆及行书等不同书体，采用图文并茂的形式，在其他瓷器品种中并不多见。

The motifs depicted on the pastel porcelain during the Qianlong period were generally depicted according to different solar terms and seasons. There are detailed records in the "Qing Palace Archives": "If Qianlong was on the 9th of December, the eunuch passed the decree. The burning festival uses Sanyang Kaitai, Shangyuan Festival uses Wugu Fengdeng, Duanyang Festival uses Aiyelingfu, Qixi Festival uses Qiqiao Xiandu, Wanshou Festival uses Wanshou Wujiang, Mid-Autumn Festival uses Dangui fragrance, September Nine uses heavy Yang chrysanthemums, etc., common flowers with Wanhua Xianrui, All make patterns burn on time. "From the above records, it is not difficult to see that the paintings of the court pastels are not randomly painted. Although they are represented by stylized compositions, they eventually form the characteristics of Qianlong pastels. This composition style continued until the late Qing Dynasty. In addition, pastels are often accompanied by imperial poems of the Emperor Qianlong. The poems include different books such as truth, grass, poetry, chanting, and running books. They are in the form of pictures and texts, and are not common among other porcelain varieties.

粉彩瓷器是清康熙晚期在五彩瓷基础上，受珐琅彩瓷制作工艺的影响而创造的一种釉上彩新品种，从康熙晚期开始烧制，后来经久不衰。粉彩瓷的彩绘方法是在高温烧成的白瓷上勾画出图案的轮廓，成形后非常美观。

Pastel porcelain is a new kind of overglaze color, which was created on the basis of multicolored porcelain in the late Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty and influenced by the production process of enamel color porcelain. It was fired from the late Kangxi period, and then it lasted for a long time. The painting method of pastel porcelain is to sketch the outline of the pattern on white porcelain fired at high temperature, which is very beautiful after forming.

此件大清乾隆描金乳白釉粉彩罐，瓶高：34厘米，口经外延：10.5厘米，底部外延10厘米，外表通体施满乳白釉，瓶腹绘有松树，底部落有“大清乾隆年制”款识。整体绘画线条流畅，刻画细腻，栩栩如生。整器形制规整，胎釉细致缜密，工艺精湛，色调柔和，为粉彩瓷精品。胎薄体轻，胎质坚致细密，釉水光洁莹润，这件藏品，器型规整，款式完美大器庄重，釉色明亮。

 This cream glaze pastel can painted with gold for Qing Qianlong has a bottle height of 34 cm, a mouth extension of 10.5 cm, and a bottom extension of 10 cm. Its exterior is covered with cream glaze, and its belly is painted with pine trees. The bottom tribe has the impression of "Qing Qianlong Year System". The overall painting lines are smooth, delicate and vivid. With regular shape, meticulous glaze, exquisite workmanship and soft color tone, it is a fine pastel porcelain product. The tire is thin and light, the tire quality is firm and fine, and the glaze water is bright and clean. This collection is regular in shape, perfect in style and solemn in size, and bright in glaze color.

整器形秀美，既凸显皇家贵气，又具有时代气息，保存状态完好，十分难得。此罐端庄硕大，气势宏伟，绘制精工，构图疏密有致，远近相映，施彩富丽浓艳，纹饰繁缛细腻，寓意吉祥，尽展清代瓷器奢华的艺术遗风，保存完美，实属罕见，弥足珍贵。有较高的历史价值和收藏价值，将来会有巨大升值空间。

The shape of the whole device is beautiful, which not only highlights the royal noble spirit, but also has the flavor of the times. It is very rare and well preserved. This jar is dignified and huge, magnificent in momentum, exquisitely drawn, dense in composition, far and near in contrast, rich in color application, rich and delicate in ornamentation, implying good fortune, exhibiting the artistic legacy of luxury porcelain in Qing Dynasty, and being perfectly preserved. It is rare and precious. It has high historical value and collection value, and will have huge appreciation space in the future.

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