古玩城2021精品推荐第二期：清雍正年制白釉地粉彩十二生肖图与诗文球瓶 

从古至今，瓷器在中国一直占据一个重要的地位，瓷器品种丰富，详细分类可达数十种，粉彩是其中的一大类，其位列于中国四大名瓷之一，是唯一可以与青花相媲美的彩瓷。由于粉彩瓷器色彩柔和，瓷画精细优美，因此深受国人的喜爱。目前文物市场上明清两朝彩瓷较多，粉彩尤其突出。近年来粉彩价格在拍卖会久居不下，可见粉彩瓷器不仅有重要的艺术价值，同时也有很高的经济价值。可是近些年来，大量的粉彩瓷器赝品充斥市场，如何辨别真伪，是收藏的重要保障。

Since ancient times, China has always occupied an important position in China. China has a rich variety and can be classified into dozens in detail. Pink is one of the major categories. It is one of the four famous porcelain in China, and the only one that can be compared with blue and white. Because of the soft color of pink porcelain and fine and beautiful porcelain painting, it is loved by the Chinese people. At present, there are many color porcelain in the cultural relics market in Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially the pink color. In recent years, the price of pink color has been in the auction for a long time. It can be seen that the porcelain has not only important artistic value, but also high economic value. But in recent years, a large number of fake powder porcelain products are filled with the market. How to distinguish the authenticity is an important guarantee for collection.

清雍正朝，粉彩进入盛期。雍正粉彩在康熙粉彩的基础上有很大发展，无论造型、彩绘技法还是纹饰，都达到空前的高度，堪称粉彩瓷器的代表作。官、民窑同时大量生产，精细的官窑制品可与珐琅彩比美。之所以取得这样的成就，首先是它的地釉质量好，无论白度还是透明度都超过了明代永乐的白釉，经测定，雍正粉彩盘的瓷胎白度达到77.5%。陶瓷史家陈万里先生说过：“雍正白釉之进一步提高，合于釉上施加软彩的要求，因而收到相互为用、相得益彰的效果。”雍正粉彩的彩料配制技术也较高，珐琅彩在烧彩前与烧彩后呈色大致相同，而粉彩颜料则不同，除在红、黑二色外，其他颜色在烧之前无法区别，颜料配制后必须进行试烧，合乎要求后才能正式彩绘，经低温彩烧后，色彩微微凸出釉面，彩面具有晶莹的光泽，有的粉彩纹饰的边际还显现出彩虹般的光晕。粉彩的绘画技法多样，官窑更为考究，有平涂、渲染、没骨、洗、皴、点等，工笔、写意俱全，富有中国画的笔韵。所绘纹饰以花鸟草虫为主。人物故事画多为室内景观，人物线条柔和，仕女体态修长，面目娇美，多衬以几案、绣墩、博古架等室内陈设。画面都留有一定的空白，显示出深远和层次感。还有气势雄伟的山水画，笔法劲健，设色较为浅淡。雍正民窑粉彩的花卉、花鸟纹饰粗犷，人物画中善绘刀马人物或戏剧故事中的情节，色彩凝厚浓艳，胎体厚重，琢器的外底部多为砂底。

In the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, pastel painting entered its heyday. Yongzheng famille rose has a great development on the basis of Kangxi famille rose, no matter the modeling, painting techniques or decorative patterns, have reached an unprecedented height, can be called the representative work of famille rose porcelain. The fine official kiln products can be compared with enamel. The first reason for this achievement is that its ground glaze is of good quality. Its whiteness and transparency are higher than those of Yongle glaze in Ming Dynasty. The whiteness of Yongzheng pastel plate is 77.5%. Mr. Chen Wanli, a ceramic historian, said: "the further improvement of Yongzheng white glaze is in line with the requirement of applying soft color on glaze, so it has received the effect of mutual use and complement each other." Yongzheng pastel also has a high technology of color preparation. The color of enamel before and after firing is almost the same, but the color of pastel pigment is different. Except for red and black, other colors can not be distinguished before firing. After the pigment preparation, it must be burned to meet the requirements before formal painting. After low temperature firing, the color slightly protrudes from the glaze, and the color surface has a crystal luster, The edge of some pastel patterns also shows rainbow like halo. The painting techniques of famille rose are various, and the official kilns are more exquisite, including flat painting, rendering, boneless painting, washing, texturing, dot painting, etc. The painted patterns are mainly flowers, birds, grass and insects. Most of the figure story paintings are interior landscapes, with soft lines, slender ladies and delicate faces, which are often lined with interior furnishings such as several cases, embroidered mounds and Bogu frames. There is a certain blank in the pictures, showing a profound and hierarchical sense. There are also majestic landscape paintings with strong strokes and light colors. The patterns of flowers, flowers and birds in Yongzheng folk kilns are rough. In figure paintings, they are good at drawing characters of swords and horses or plots in drama stories. The colors are thick and colorful, and the carcass is thick. The outer bottom of the carving tools is mostly sand bottom.

雍正粉彩在我国陶瓷发展史上占有重要的历史地位，素以精巧细腻著称于世，颜色具有鲜而雅，粉而柔的特点。雍正粉彩可以说是清代粉彩瓷器工艺最好的品种，粉彩做为中国瓷器釉上彩绘的一种独特装饰方法，它在色料中掺以铅粉并加施玻璃白。

Yongzheng famille rose occupies an important historical position in the development history of China's ceramics. It is famous for its delicacy and delicacy. Yongzheng famille rose can be said to be the best variety of Qing Dynasty famille rose porcelain. Famille rose is a unique decoration method of Chinese porcelain glaze painting. It is mixed with lead powder and added with glass white.

有意减弱色彩的浓艳程度，用分水淡洗法涂饰花纹的层次，在彩绘上改变了五彩那种单线平涂的生硬色调，充分吸收了中国绘画的表现方法，运用各种丰富的彩料，使画面风格近于写实。是唯一可以跟青花瓷媲美的瓷器釉色。到了雍正时期粉彩在烧制、胎釉、彩绘方面得以空前发展,成为釉上彩的主流。

By deliberately reducing the intensity of colors, we use the method of water separation and light washing to paint the layers of patterns, which changes the rigid tone of single line flat painting of five colors, fully absorbs the expression methods of Chinese painting, and uses various rich color materials to make the picture style close to realism. It is the only glaze color that can be compared with blue and white porcelain. In Yongzheng period, pastel developed unprecedentedly in firing, glaze and painting, and became the mainstream of overglaze color.

此清雍正年制白釉地粉彩十二生肖图与诗文球瓶 ，大清雍正时期设计制作粉彩12生肖图诗文小型’球瓶（12只），高11.7㎝，口径2.5㎝，底径3.2㎝，腹宽6.5㎝。球瓶设计绘画精美独特，官窑彩绘生肖小动物栩栩如生。诗句反映了属性特征。分别配诗属性球瓶，小巧精致，市场稀有，极具收藏、欣赏价值，是修养、把玩之佳品！此藏品长期传承、保存至今非常不易！

This picture of twelve zodiac animals and poem ball vase made in Yongzheng year of Qing Dynasty  ， During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, 12 "miniature" ball bottles (12 pieces) were designed and made, with a height of 11.7 cm, a diameter of 2.5 cm, a bottom diameter of 3.2 cm and a belly width of 6.5 cm. The design and painting of the ball bottle are exquisite and unique, and the painted zodiac animals in the official kiln are lifelike. The poem reflects the attribute characteristics. It is small and exquisite, rare in the market, and of great collection and appreciation value. It is a good product for cultivation and playing! This collection has been handed down and preserved for a long time!

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