哥窑双耳尊精品赏析

【藏品名称】：哥窑双耳尊

[collection name]: Geyao double ear Zun

【藏品类别】：瓷器

[collection type]: porcelain

【藏品简介】：清雍正朝的仿哥釉瓷器制作精良，既有标准的大、小纹片相结合的所谓“金丝铁线”，也有单纯的小纹片或大纹片。釉面色泽有粉青、米黄、灰青、灰绿等，并如宋代哥窑瓷釉一样泛“酥油”光。开片中的“铁线”较多，“金丝”较少。“铁线”多呈黑色，或略显蓝色。开片纹路与宋代哥窑瓷器略有不同，不似宋哥釉开片在较小的区域内仍有曲折变化的状态。

[introduction to collection]: the imitation Ge glaze porcelains of the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty are well made. There are not only the so-called "gold wire" combining the standard large and small pattern pieces, but also simple small pattern pieces or large pattern pieces. The glaze color is pink, beige, gray green, gray green and so on, and like GE kiln glaze in Song Dynasty, it is full of "butter" light. There are more "iron wire" and less "gold wire" in the opening film“ The "iron wire" is mostly black or slightly blue. The opening pattern is slightly different from that of Ge kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty, which is different from that of Ge kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty.

常见器形有抱月瓶、贯耳瓶、铺首耳瓶、各式炉、各式尊、盘、碗及笔架、水盂、镇纸、笔掭、各式笔洗等文房用具。器底多署雍正年款。虽然在雍正仿哥釉瓷器中已出现模仿铁箍纹饰的器物，但这种纹饰在清道光以后的仿哥器中更为多见，且一般都属仿雍正之作。闻名世界的宋代哥窑，最大的特点就是密麻而又均匀分布的自然裂纹——开片。她不像其他的窑和瓷器那么光滑平整，反而裂纹密密麻麻，快要裂开了一样，人们仿佛几乎能听见她正在开裂的“嘶嘶”声，正是她的这些精密难以模仿的自然裂纹，让她比其他的窑、瓷更加优美，更加出彩，更加珍贵。她就像一颗夜明珠，只能远远观看她耀眼的光环，却无法目睹她真实的风采。

The common utensils are moon holding bottle, ear penetrating bottle, ear spreading bottle, all kinds of stove, all kinds of Zun, pan, bowl and penholder, water bowl, Paperweight, pen holder, all kinds of pen washing and other stationery utensils. The bottom of the vessel is Yongzheng model year. Although the imitation of iron hoop pattern has appeared in Yongzheng Fangge glaze porcelain, this kind of pattern is more common in Fangge ware after Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, and generally belongs to the imitation of Yongzheng. Ge kiln of Song Dynasty, which is famous in the world, is characterized by its dense and evenly distributed natural cracks. She is not as smooth and smooth as other kilns and porcelains. On the contrary, cracks are dense and are about to crack. It seems that people can almost hear her cracking "hiss". It is her natural cracks that are hard to imitate that make her more beautiful, brilliant and precious than other kilns and porcelains. She is like a night pearl, can only see her dazzling halo from afar, but can not witness her true style.

哥窑，是文献中记载的宋代五大名窑之一，但迄今未找到确切窑址的名窑。哥窑瓷器非常珍贵，据统计，全世界大约有一百多件，远少于元青花的存世数量。国际拍卖市场上，近两年每出现一件，一般成交价都在上百万美元。现在古玩市场上出现的哥窑瓷器，95%以上都是现代仿品。

哥窑瓷器有四个特点：

哥窑釉属无光釉、“金丝铁线”的纹样、“攒珠聚球”般的釉中气泡、“紫口铁足”的风致。哥窑最大的特点，就是“金丝铁线”的纹样——开片，这是发生在釉面上的一种自然开裂现象，它是由于瓷器冷却时，胎釉收缩率不同而造成的一种缺陷，后来人们掌握了开裂的规律，有意识地让它产生开片，从而产生了一种独特的美感。

宋代哥釉瓷釉质莹润，通体釉面被粗深或者细浅的两种纹线交织切割，术语叫作“冰裂纹”，俗称“金丝铁线”。但具有独特的装饰效果。哥窑以优美的开片而闻名，有金丝铁线之称，其大开片中套小开片，大开片颜色发黑闪蓝，称铁线，小开片颜色发金黄，称金丝。

从清宫旧藏的传世哥窑瓷来看，不完全具备紫口铁足的特征。有的有紫口，无铁足，有的有铁足，无紫口。由于哥釉瓷细致、精美，以后各代对它都有仿造。特别是到了清代，还出现了一个仿哥釉瓷的高潮。到了清朝后期，哥釉明显地不如清前期，颜色越来越深，开片越来越细碎，釉面甚至出现凹凸不平的疙瘩釉，胎质也变得疏松。

Ge kiln is one of the five famous kilns of Song dynasty recorded in the literature, but the exact kiln site has not been found so far. Ge kiln porcelain is very precious. According to statistics, there are more than 100 pieces in the world, far less than the number of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty. In the international auction market, the general transaction price of each item in recent two years is more than one million US dollars. Now more than 95% of the Geyao porcelain in the antique market are modern imitations.Ge kiln porcelain has four characteristicsGeyao glaze belongs to matte glaze, the pattern of "gold wire and iron thread", the bubble in glaze like "accumulating beads and gathering balls", and the style of "Purple mouth and iron foot". The biggest feature of Ge kiln is the pattern of "gold wire and iron wire" - split, which is a natural cracking phenomenon on the glaze. It is a defect caused by the different shrinkage rate of the glaze when the porcelain is cooled. Later, people mastered the law of cracking and consciously let it split, thus creating a unique aesthetic feeling.The glaze of Ge porcelain in Song Dynasty is bright and lustrous, and the whole glaze is cut by thick and deep or thin lines. The term is "ice crack", commonly known as "gold wire and iron wire". But it has a unique decorative effect. Geyao is famous for its beautiful opening. It is known as gold wire and iron wire. Its large opening is covered with small opening. The color of large opening is black and blue, which is called iron wire. The color of small opening is golden yellow, which is called gold wire.Judging from the handed down Ge kiln porcelain in the old collection of Qing palace, it does not have the characteristics of purple mouth and iron foot. Some have purple mouth, no iron foot, some have iron foot, no purple mouth. Because of its delicacy and delicacy, GE's glazed porcelain has been imitated in later generations. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, there was a climax of imitation glaze porcelain. In the late Qing Dynasty, Ge glaze was obviously not as good as that in the early Qing Dynasty. The color of Ge glaze became darker and darker, the opening became more and more fine, the glaze even appeared uneven lumps, and the fetal texture became loose.

图中双耳尊正是清雍正朝的仿哥釉瓷器，工艺制作精良，既有标准的大、小纹片相结合的所谓“金丝铁线”，也有单纯的小纹片或大纹片。釉面色泽有粉青、米黄、灰青、灰绿等，并如宋代哥窑瓷釉一样泛“酥油”光。

The double eared Zun in the picture is the imitation Ge glaze porcelain of the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty. It is well made. There are not only the so-called "gold wire and iron thread" combining the standard large and small patterns, but also simple small or large patterns. The glaze color is pink, beige, gray green, gray green and so on, and like GE kiln glaze in Song Dynasty, it is full of "butter" light.