网上古玩商城精品推荐19年第9期：鼻烟壶

明代末年，鼻烟传入中国。在整个清代，上至皇帝，下至百姓，嗅服鼻烟之风盛行。由于嫌欧洲人用于盛放鼻烟的铜盒和玻璃瓶不够美观和实用，中国的能工巧匠制作出中国式鼻烟壶。

In the late Ming Dynasty, snuff was introduced into China. Throughout the Qing Dynasty, sniffing snuff prevailed from the emperor to the people. Because the copper boxes and glass bottles used by suspected Europeans to hold snuff are not beautiful and practical enough, Chinese skilled craftsmen have made Chinese-style snuff bottles.

鼻烟壶虽小，却集各种工艺之大成，是名符其实的袖珍艺术品。它造型多样，材质贵重，纹饰精美，而且蕴含了丰富的传统文化内涵。几乎每一件留传到今天的古代鼻烟壶，都是值得欣赏的艺术品和有美好寓意的吉祥物。

The snuff bottle is small, but it is a masterpiece of all kinds of crafts. It is really a pocket work of art. It has various shapes, precious materials, exquisite decorations, and contains rich traditional cultural connotations. Almost every ancient snuff bottle that has been passed down to today is a work of art worth appreciating and a mascot with a beautiful implication.

谈起我国的吉祥艺术，不得不提鼻烟壶。尽管它的历史不长，却浓缩了历史悠久的中国传统文化；尽管鼻烟是舶来品，但鼻烟壶经过中国能工巧匠的精心打造，很快便成为一个独立的、崭新的工艺术美术品种；尽管它很袖珍，但集多种工艺之大成，被广大收藏爱好者视为珍贵文玩。鼻烟壶所蕴含的吉祥文化，不仅在装饰中表现得淋漓尽致，而且还表现在材质、造型等方面。

Talking about the auspicious art of our country, we have to lift snuff bottles. Despite its short history, it has concentrated the long-standing traditional Chinese culture; although snuff is an imported product, snuff bottles, carefully built by Chinese skillful craftsmen, soon become an independent and brand-new variety of Arts and crafts; although it is very small, it is a collection of a variety of Arts and crafts, and has been widely collected by enthusiasts. Play as a precious article. The auspicious culture contained in snuff bottles is not only vividly and vividly displayed in decoration, but also in material, shape and other aspects.

鼻烟是一种烟草制品，是将烟叶烘烤去茎，研磨成极细的粉末，发酵并加入薄荷、冰片、麝香等名贵药材配制而成。制成后还要密封入窖陈化，经数年甚至数十年方可使用。鼻烟用鼻嗅服，具有提神醒脑、松弛神经、明目避疫等功效。嗅服鼻烟最先流行于欧洲，于明代末期传入中国。当时鼻烟进口量少，仅广东一带有人服用。康熙开放海禁后，西方传教士携带大量鼻烟和盛装鼻烟的玻璃瓶进入中国，受其影响，国内闻鼻烟渐成风尚。

Snuff is a kind of tobacco product, which is prepared by baking tobacco leaves and removing stalks, grinding them into very fine powder, fermenting and adding valuable medicinal materials such as mint, borneol, musk and so on. After being made, it should be sealed and aged in cellar, which can be used for several years or even decades. Snuff sniffing clothes have the functions of refreshing the brain, relaxing nerves and evading epidemics blindly. Smell snuff first became popular in Europe and was introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, snuff imports were small, and only people in Guangdong took it. After Kangxi's opening of the sea ban, western missionaries brought a large number of snuff and glass bottles containing snuff into China. Affected by this, snuff snuff became popular in China.

鼻烟在进入中国之初，一般是用金属盒或玻璃瓶盛装，重量从四两至一斤不等。中国人为了携带和嗅服方便，常把鼻烟放在盛药的小瓶中。到了清初，开始出现了以硬木、贵重金属、野牛角等制作的鼻烟壶。随着时间的推移，鼻烟壶的制作越来越精巧，越来越艺术化，由实用品发展成为大众喜闻乐见的艺术品和吉祥物。从以此后，“中国鼻烟壶”声名远播，连欧洲人也争取收藏，视为宝贝。

At the beginning of its entry into China, snuff was usually packed in metal boxes or glass bottles, weighing from 42 to 1 kg. In order to carry and sniff clothes conveniently, Chinese people often put snuff in small bottles containing medicines. In the early Qing Dynasty, snuff bottles made of hardwood, precious metals and bison horns began to appear. With the passage of time, the production of snuff bottles has become more and more elaborate and artistic, from practical works to popular works of art and mascots. Since then, the "Chinese snuff bottle" has a long reputation, and even Europeans have striven to collect it as a treasure.

中国鼻烟壶诞生于明末清初，此时正是中国各种工艺美术技巧都已十分成熟的阶段，传统文化的积淀也十分雄厚。加上清代康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝经济繁荣，百业兴旺，鼻烟壶的制作迅速进入鼎盛期。在清代，鼻烟壶的产地主要集中在北京、广州、辽宁、西藏、内蒙古等地，其制作工艺经历了由简到繁、由粗到细、由素面到加彩、加雕的过程，传统工艺如铸造、掐丝、烧造、套料、贴黄、雕、刻、剔、镂、碾、镶嵌、鎏金、绘画、书法等都被能工巧匠们运用到鼻烟壶的制作上，使鼻烟壶成为集多种艺术之大成的袖珍艺术品。

Chinese snuff bottles were born in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. At this time, all kinds of Chinese arts and crafts skills have been very mature, and the accumulation of traditional culture is also very strong. With the economic prosperity of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties in the Qing Dynasty and the prosperity of all industries, the production of snuff bottles quickly entered its heyday. In the Qing Dynasty, snuff bottles were mainly produced in Beijing, Guangzhou, Liaoning, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and other places. Their production technology experienced a process from simple to complex, from coarse to fine, from plain to colored and carved. Traditional crafts such as casting, silk-drawing, firing, nesting, pasting yellow, carving, cutting, carving, carving, carving, grinding, inlaying, gold prizing. Painting, calligraphy and so on are all used by skilled craftsmen in the production of snuff bottles, making snuff bottles become a collection of a variety of art into a miniature works of art.

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