钱币一组（乾隆通宝钱样、壹分镍币）

钱币一组（乾隆通宝钱样、壹分镍币）

A group of coins (Qianlong Tongbao coins, one nickel)

直径：3cm 厚度：0.4cm 直径：2.3cm 重量：6.4g

此藏品为“乾隆通宝钱样、壹分镍币”乾隆通宝是乾隆时期的流通货币，该图中的乾隆通宝是流通货币中的样钱，样钱的直径比常用钱大，文字清晰、深峻，大部分“样钱”是高质量的，也有个别特殊情况。样钱只是笼统的称谓，往往一枚样钱可以有多种说法和用途，质量特别好的还可以作母钱用。乾隆皇帝创造了封建社会里最后一个辉煌盛世，之后民间便盛传佩带“乾隆通宝”铜钱可驱灾辟邪，又因乾隆二字谐音“钱隆”而备受后世藏家所喜爱的钱币。

中华民国二十八年壹分镍币，此枚钱币正面中间是国民党党徽图案，上方环写“中华民国二十八年”字样，背面中间是古钱“布币”图案，两边铸币值“壹分”二字。正背两面沿边雕回形纹，寓意吉祥。整币铸造优良，形制规整，工艺精美，品相完好，十分精美；且钱币钱廓、线圈、纹样等细节部分处理到位，独具匠心，是一枚钱币珍品。

This collection is a drum-type furnace of "animal ear incense burner of guan kiln in northern song dynasty". The mouth and the bottom are slightly closed inward. The mouth and the bottom have the same diameter. Utensils more uniform force, make the shaft more firm, so as to enamel more chunhou, even run create conditions, truly achieve fat if heap fat, such as satin like jade, as if the grip of oil artistic effect. Piece pattern extremely rich rhythm, such as water sparkling, crystal clear, open a smooth.

“样钱”作为钱币学的专用词，即钱币的样板、样本等，用于中国古钱币时包括多种含义和组词，如钱样、试样、部颁样钱、呈样、大样、小样等等。

铸造新版钱币，须先铸一批试验性质的钱币—“样钱”，供上级机关审核，从中央到地方钱局都有这个程序。（公众号：钱邮纪念币真藏）如铸币工厂要对配料、工艺、成本等情况作测试，同时向主管部门报告铸币工作进度及接受钱币质量审定等因素，都须先试铸“样钱”。

晚清至民国，收藏家对清代样钱还不太重视，解放以后一些钱谱也很少提到样钱。时至今日，雕母、母钱寥若星辰，样钱以其稀少、样大和做工工整、细致等因素，越来越为钱币爱好者所关注。

样钱的质地、存世量介乎于母钱和普通流通钱之间，但其价格是远高于普通钱而接近于母钱的。

"Sample money" as a special term of coin science, that is, the model and sample of coins, when used in ancient Chinese coins, includes a variety of meanings and phrases, such as money sample, sample, ministerial sample money, presentation, large sample, small sample, and so on.

In order to make a new version of coins, a batch of experimental coins - "sample money" must be minted first, which can be examined by the higher authorities. This procedure is available from the central government to the local money bureaus. For example, the mint factory should test the ingredients, process and cost, and report to the competent department the progress of minting work and accept the examination and approval of the quality of coins.

From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, collectors paid little attention to sample money in Qing Dynasty, and after liberation, few of them mentioned sample money. Nowadays, there are few carving mother and mother money, and sample money has attracted more and more attention of coin enthusiasts because of its scarcity, size, neatness and meticulousness.

The quality and stock of sample money are between mother money and ordinary circulating money, but its price is much higher than ordinary money and close to mother money.“样钱”一般均用雕母直接铸造，所以样钱的直径比常用钱大，文字清晰、深峻，大部分“样钱”是高质量的，也有个别特殊情况。

自古至今，一些明显大于同类常用钱、制作精致、数量少而质量又达不到母钱的钱币，被认为是“样钱”o关于样钱的铸造工艺有不同说法，多数人认为样钱是采用较特殊的制造工艺，使成品更加精美。

明代宋应星所著《天工开物》记载：“四火铜(炼四次)所铸曰‘金背钱’，二火铜(炼二次)所铸曰‘火漆钱’o…铅贱铜贵，私铸者至对半为之，以之掷石上声如木石者，此低钱也。若高钱，铜九铅一，则掷地作金声矣。”不同的配方和冶炼次数炼就的铜质是不一样的，如果增加冶炼次数，铜质还能进一步提高。另一种方法是采用蜡质母钱，压人砂盘后不取出，待高温铜液浇人融化蜡质，融化后的蜡渗入砂粒间隙，同现代“失蜡铸造”极为相似，是一种精密铸造方法。

“钱样”当铸造新钱的指令下达后，钱局先用较软的材料，根据要求试刻新版钱币，以得到实物的感觉。一般选用象牙、优质木材、铅、锡等材料雕刻的钱币样板，是先于雕母的试样，钱样是样钱中的佼佼者，比雕母更稀有。

钱样不作为铸钱的范本，在形制方面同以后的雕母、母钱及流通钱有差异。因其数量比雕母更少，故而其珍贵程度、价值都是首屈一指的。因为罕见、价格昂贵。也可以叫镇库钱，镇库钱，是指铸钱局在正式开炉浇铸制式的钱币前，为进贡、纪念、避邪而先行特制的大钱，是中国古代钱币文化宝库中的一颗明珠，象征着永远的吉祥与财富、繁荣与富贵。一般放置在钱局库房，有“意头”作用。

The carving mother is directly cast, so the diameter of sample money is bigger than that of common money, and the writing is clear and deep. Most of the "sample money" is of high quality, but there are also some special cases.

Since ancient times, some coins which are obviously larger than the common money of the same kind, are exquisitely made, less in quantity and less in quality than the mother coin. They are considered to be "sample money" o. There are different opinions about the casting process of sample money. Most people think that sample money is made by a special manufacturing process to make the finished product more exquisite.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" written by Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Four fired copper (refining four times) is cast as"gold back money", and two fired copper (refining two times) is cast as"fire paint money"o. Lead is cheap and copper is precious. Private founders make half of it. Those who throw stones like wood and stone are cheap. If high money, copper nine lead one, then throw the ground to make a sound of gold. Different formulations and times of smelting lead to different quality of copper. If the number of times of smelting is increased, the quality of copper can be further improved. Another method is to use waxy mother money, which is not taken out after pressing the sand tray, and to be poured into the melted wax by high temperature copper liquid. The melted wax infiltrates into the gap between the sand grains, which is very similar to the modern "wax loss casting". It is a precision casting method.

"Qian Sample" When the instructions for casting new money are issued, the money bureau first uses softer materials and tries to engrave new versions of coins according to the requirements, so as to get the real feeling. In general, the sample of coin carved with ivory, high quality wood, lead and tin is prior to the sample of the carving mother. The sample of coin is the best in the sample money, which is more rare than the carving mother.

As a model of casting money, Qian Sample is different in form from the later carving mother, mother money and circulating money. Because its number is less than the carving mother, its precious degree and value are second to none. Because it is rare and expensive. It can also be called "town Treasury money". Town Treasury money refers to the large amount of money specially made by the money-making Bureau for paying tribute, commemorating and avoiding evil before the formal casting of the coins. It is a pearl in the treasure house of ancient Chinese coin culture and symbolizes eternal auspiciousness and wealth, prosperity and wealth. Generally placed in the Treasury of the money bureau, it has the function of "meaning head".

该钱币是“镍币”号称中国镍币鼻祖的稀世珍宝、镍币样板就是“伯明翰”。由上海中央造币厂于民国时期铸造,材料为红铜,这种铜币目前的存世数量非常少收藏价值极高,其品相保存相当完美,字迹都非常清晰,经过岁月的洗礼,有些许的锈斑,包浆自然,难得的佳品。藏品虽经历了无穷岁月,但纹路依然清晰可见,包浆浑厚老道,沁色自然,充满岁月之痕迹与浓浓的历史沉淀感,上面的锈迹也见证了其历史的积淀,具有非常明显的历史过渡性特征,有着难以言喻的收藏价值。

The coin is known as "nickel" as the rare treasure of the originator of Chinese nickel coins, and the nickel model is "Birmingham". Found in the period of the Republic of China by the Shanghai Central Mint, the material is red copper. The copper coins are seldom survived and have very high collection value. They are perfectly preserved, and their handwriting is very clear. After years of baptism, there are some rust spots, natural pulping and rare good products. Although the collection has gone through endless years, the lines are still clear and visible. It is rich in old ways, refreshing nature, full of traces of years and strong sense of historical precipitation. The rust on it also witnesses its historical accumulation. It has a very obvious historical transitional characteristics and has an indescribable collection value.

中华民国二十六年镍币，金属流通货币是国家法定货币中重要而不可分割的组成部分，也是一个国家发达与文明的标志和象征，它不仅充当着国计民生在经济活动中不可缺少的价值尺度和交换手段，同时，还具有一定的艺术性和收藏价值。1935年11月，国民党政府宣布实行法币政策，禁止银元在市面流通。孙像镍币是法币的辅币，正面为孙中山先生侧面像和民国纪年，背面为布币图及面值。该辅币1936年开铸，至1943年停铸，于1949年退出流通，因国民政府未加以充分回收，现今存世量很小。而且这枚钱币品相完好，纹饰清晰，字体清秀，图案设计精美，工艺精湛，乃精品古钱币。此种钱币存世量极为稀少，尤其是品相好的尤为稀缺，因此很受收藏爱好者青睐，艺术价值高，制作优良，内容丰富，纹饰清晰，也具有极高的保值和升值能力，值得藏家们倾情收藏。品相好的钱币一直是千金难求。且此枚地域性政权发行货币的时间也相当短，加上流通地域狭小，所铸货币价值不菲。另外，抗战期间，由于改行纸钞，机制币发行量较少，辅币存世量极为稀少，真品踪迹难寻，此币值得藏家收藏。

In the twenty-six years of the Republic of China, nickel, metal currency is an important and indivisible part of the national legal currency. It is also the symbol and symbol of a country's development and civilization. It not only acts as an indispensable value measure and means of exchange for the national economy and people's livelihood in economic activities, but also has certain artistry. And collection value. In November 1935, the Kuomintang government announced the implementation of the French currency policy, prohibiting the circulation of silver dollars in the market. Sun Xiang's nickel coin is a subsidiary coin of French currency. On the front is Mr. Sun Yat-sen's profile and the anniversary of the Republic of China, and on the back is the cloth chart and face value. The coin was minted in 1936 and ceased to be minted in 1943. It withdrew from circulation in 1949. Because the national government did not fully recover it, the current stock is very small. And this coin is a fine old coin with perfect appearance, clear decoration, beautiful font, exquisite design and exquisite craftsmanship. This kind of coin is extremely scarce in stock, especially in good taste. Therefore, it is very popular with collectors. It has high artistic value, excellent production, rich content, clear decoration, and high preservation and appreciation ability. It is worthy of collectors'passionate collection. Good-looking coins have always been hard to find. Moreover, the time of issuing currency by this regional regime is quite short. In addition, the circulation area is narrow, and the value of the currency is not bad. In addition, during the Anti-Japanese War, due to the change of banknotes, the circulation of machine-made coins was relatively small, the stock of auxiliary coins was extremely scarce, and the traces of authentic products were difficult to find. This coin is worth collecting by collectors.