盛稀珍藏艺术品精品推荐 九窍玉塞--阴塞

九窍玉塞--阴塞--重92克

Jiuqiao Jade Plug--Yin Plug--Weight 92 grams

即所谓"九窍玉"，堵塞或遮盖在死者身上九窍的9件玉器。所谓"九窍"，是指人的两只眼睛，两个鼻孔，两个耳孔，一个嘴，以及生殖器和肛门。"九窍玉"即塞在这些部位的9件玉器：眼塞2件，鼻塞2件，耳塞2件，口塞1件，肛门塞1件，生殖器塞1件。其中眼塞又称眼帘，圆角长方形;鼻塞略作圆柱形;耳塞略作八角棱形;口塞如新月形，内侧中端有三角形凸起，口塞不能全部含在口中，与下面所讲的"含玉"不同;肛门塞为椎台形，两端粗细不同;生殖器男性为一短琮形，一端封闭，女性为一短尖首圭形。

The so-called "nine-orifice jade" blocked or covered the nine-orifice jades on the body of the deceased. The so-called "nine orifices" refer to two eyes, two nostrils, two ears, one mouth, as well as genitals and anus. "Nine orifices jade" refers to nine jades stuffed in these parts: two eye plugs, two nose plugs, two ear plugs, one mouth plug, one anus plug and one genitalia plug. Among them, eye plug is also called eyesight, rounded rectangle; nose plug is slightly cylindrical; earplug is slightly octagonal prism; mouth plug is like crescent, medial middle end is triangular protrusion, mouth plug can not be all contained in the mouth, different from the "containing jade" mentioned below; anal plug is vertebroidal, different in thickness at both ends; genital organ is short cone-shaped, one end closed, female is a short-pointed guinea-shaped.

玉塞源于这样一种种信念："金玉在九空与，则死人为之不朽"(晋葛洪《抱朴子》)。这同玉衣能使尸体不朽的说法是一致的。我国古代对玉有一种近乎迷信的崇拜，总认为玉能使活人平安，使死人不朽。

Jade plug comes from the belief that "when gold and jade are in the nine empties, the dead will be immortal" (Baopuzi by Jin Gehong). This is consistent with the saying that jade clothes can immortalize corpses. In ancient China, there was a kind of superstitious worship of jade. It was always believed that jade could make the living safe and the dead immortal.

在中国，以玉入殓的传统至少可以追溯到6000—5000年前的新石器时代中晚期。此玉塞下限年代为汉代，玉塞历经数千年历史，表面已为鸡骨白，玉质均有不同程度的絮斑、黑斑、绺及沁色，玉塞圆润细腻。在没有先进工业的情况下，打磨如此一枚玉塞至少需三年五载时间。目前只有上海博物馆有完整的一套九窍塞。九窍塞存世极其稀少，已出土的更是屈指可数。

In China, the tradition of jade carving can be traced back to the late middle and late Neolithic age from 6000 to 5000 years ago. The lower limit age of the jade plug is Han Dynasty. After thousands of years of history, the surface of the jade plug has been chicken bone white. The jade has different degrees of flocculation, black spots, ribs and refreshing color. The jade plug is round and delicate. In the absence of advanced industry, it takes at least three to five years to polish such a jade plug. At present, only the Shanghai Museum has a complete set of nine plug. Jiuqiao plug is extremely rare and has been unearthed only a handful of times.