古玩城2019精品推荐第12期：清朝玉碧

“美玉可遇而不可求，可一而不可再”。从古至今，玉在国人的眼中一直是美好、高尚、纯洁的化身。基于玉的独特的魅力和价值，使众多喜爱者为之倾倒，不惜重金也要将宝玉收藏在手。玉璧功能除祭祀礼天之外，更多的是身份的象征。镂空玉璧出现于战国，盛于汉代。中国人对玉的特殊喜好自古有之，古人云，石之美者为玉。也曾有人形象的比喻，玉是大地的舍利。被誉为华夏文明第一块奠基石的高古玉，有着高深莫测的神秘色彩。在古代，君子无故古玉.玉不去身，君子与玉彼德焉。特别是战国晚期和西汉早期，镂空玉璧主要是皇室及王室所用，制作精美、玉质上乘，全为和田白玉。

"Beautiful jade can be met but not sought, but one and not again.". Since ancient times, jade has always been the embodiment of beauty, nobility and purity in the eyes of Chinese people. Because of the unique charm and value of jade, many people who like it will fall for it, and they will not hesitate to collect the precious jade in their hands. In addition to sacrificing heaven, the function of jade Bi is more a symbol of identity. Hollow jade Bi appeared in the Warring States period and flourished in the Han Dynasty. Chinese people have a special preference for jade since ancient times. The beauty of ancient cloud and stone is jade. There was also an image metaphor, jade is the sacrifice of the earth. Known as the first cornerstone of Chinese civilization, Gaogu jade has profound mystery. In ancient times, there was no reason for a gentleman to be an ancient jade. Especially in the late Warring States period and the early Western Han Dynasty, the openwork jade is mainly used by the royal family and the royal family. It is exquisite and of high quality, all of which are Hetian white jade.

玉璧最早出现在新石器时代，考古发现最早的玉璧是在红山文化，良渚文化也有出土玉璧。玉璧在商周时期比较兴盛，汉代以后逐渐式微。《周礼·春官·大宗伯》记载「以玉作六器，以礼天地四方：以苍璧礼天，以黄琮礼地，以青圭礼东方，以赤璋礼南方，以白琥礼西方，以玄璜礼北方」。璧的用途有很多，在各种礼仪当中，除了陈设、告祭天地神灵之外通常我们还会看到用于国与国之间的礼物馈赠和用于玩赏的更为精致的玉璧。那志良先生在《中国古玉图释》中单辟一章来谈《玩赏及馈赠器》即以璧为例来说明，用于馈赠和玩赏的玉器在造型上要有和善的气氛、在制作上是精雕细琢。所举龙纹出廓、虎纹出廓，或中部透空雕琢皆精美之至。中华民族爱玉敬玉崇玉的历史悠久，从上古先民直至近代，人们对玉均情有独钟，中国在各个时期都遗存有一批极富时代特征及历史研究价值的代表性器物，大体上有夏朝古陶器、商周青铜器、战汉漆器、隋唐金银器、宋明清瓷器，这些器物虽然在历史长河中各领风骚，却没有一种能像玉器那样经久不衰，长期受到民众如此的宠爱，这是世界上其他任何国家和地区所无法比拟的。

Jade Bi first appeared in the Neolithic age, the earliest jade Bi found in archaeology was in Hongshan culture, and there were also jade Bi unearthed in Liangzhu culture. Yubi flourished in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and declined gradually after the Han Dynasty. "Zhou Li, Chun Guan, Da Da Bo" records that "six vessels are made of jade, and the heaven and the earth are surrounded by Rites: the jade is used to salute the heaven, the Yellow Cong is used to salute the earth, the green GUI is used to salute the East, the red Zhang is used to salute the south, the white Hu is used to salute the west, and the black Huang is used to salute the north.". There are many uses of Bi. In all kinds of rituals, in addition to furnishing and offering sacrifices to the gods of heaven and earth, we usually see more exquisite jade Bi for gifts between countries and for entertainment. Mr. Na Zhiliang wrote a single chapter in the interpretation of ancient Chinese jade painting to discuss the play and the present, which takes Bi as an example to illustrate that the jade used for the present and the present should have a kind atmosphere in modeling and be exquisitely crafted in production. The dragon pattern, tiger pattern, or hollow carving in the middle are all exquisite. The Chinese nation has a long history of loving jade and worshiping it. From the ancient people to the modern times, people have a special interest in jade. There are a lot of representative artifacts in various periods of China, which are rich in the characteristics of the times and the value of historical research. Generally speaking, there are ancient pottery in the Xia Dynasty, bronze in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, lacquer in the Han Dynasty, gold and silver in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and porcelain in the song and Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although these artifacts are popular in the long history, they have their own advantages However, none of them can last as long as jade and have been so loved by the people for a long time, which is incomparable to any other country and region in the world.

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