古玩城2019精品推荐第12期：汉白玉福禄寿禧水盂

明清玉器千姿百态，造型各异。清代玉工善于借鉴绘画、雕刻、工艺美术的成就，集阴线、阳线、镂空、俏色等多种传统做工及历代的艺术风格之大成，又吸收了外来艺术影响并加以糅合变通，创造并发展了工艺性、装饰性极强的治玉工艺，有着鲜明的时代特点和较高的艺术造诣。明清时期玉器与社会文化生活的关系日臻密切，炉、薰、瓶、鼎、簋等仿古造型的玉器层出不穷。玉质的茶酒具非常盛行。文人在书斋作画、书写，往往也用玉来做笔洗、水注、笔筒、墨床、镇纸、臂搁等文具，或以玉器装饰陈设。由于玉材的不同，琢玉工具和琢玉技巧的不同，加上审美情趣和风俗习惯的不同，每个时期玉器的造型及主题风格也是千姿百态各具特色。

Jade wares of Ming and Qing Dynasties are of various shapes and shapes. In Qing Dynasty, jade craftsmen were good at drawing lessons from the achievements of painting, sculpture and arts and crafts, collecting the great achievements of various traditional crafts such as Yin line, Yang line, hollow out, pretty color and the artistic styles of previous dynasties. They also absorbed the influence of foreign arts and combined them to make changes. They created and developed the jade craftwork with strong craftsmanship and decoration, with distinctive characteristics of the times and high artistic attainments. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the relationship between jade and social and cultural life is getting closer and closer, and there are endless archaize jade wares such as stove, fumigation, bottle, tripod and Zhen. Jade tea and wine sets are very popular. In the study of painting and writing, scholars often use jade to make stationery such as brush washing, water injection, pen barrel, ink bed, Paperweight, armrest, etc., or decorate and display with jade. Due to the difference of jade materials, tools and techniques, as well as the difference of aesthetic taste and customs, the shape and theme style of jade in each period also have their own characteristics.

乾隆孝粉玉碗是乾隆年间的一种玉碗，底部刻着篆字，上书“乾隆年制”，后有有人误念成“乾隆孝粉”，因名字通俗易解而流传。乾隆孝粉玉碗乃是乾隆皇帝他母亲当时生病,经过御医治疗研发中药必须配合玉器使用才能达到最佳疗效。为此乾隆皇帝连夜命令工匠赶制出玉碗-玉蝶-玉杯-玉瓶等。后期被后人誉为“乾隆孝粉”。

Qianlong filial piety jade bowl is a kind of jade bowl in Qianlong period. The bottom of the bowl is engraved with seal characters, with the words "made in Qianlong period" written on it. Later, some people mistakenly read it as "Qianlong filial piety powder", which is popular and easy to understand. The Xiaofan jade bowl of Qianlong emperor was his mother who was ill at that time. After the treatment and development of the imperial medicine, traditional Chinese medicine must be used with jade to achieve the best effect. For this reason, Emperor Qianlong ordered craftsmen overnight to make jade bowls, jade butterflies, jade cups and jade bottles. Later, it was called "Qianlong filial piety powder" by later generations.

碗的内外部有花纹，有玉质光感另外。“乾隆孝粉”(实际是“乾隆年制”)主要是玉碗，几乎没有其他造型。

There are patterns on the inside and outside of the bowl. It has a jade luster. "Qianlong filial piety powder" (actually made in Qianlong) is mainly jade bowl, with almost no other shape.

暗刻浅浮雕花卉纹，雕工精细极致，底款书“乾隆年制”四字篆书，工艺十分复杂，就算在当时宫廷也是稀有之物，极具收藏价值。

It is dark engraved with light relief flower patterns, with exquisite carving. The four character seal script "made in Qianlong" is the bottom one. The craft is very complex. Even at that time, it was a rare thing in the imperial court, with great collection value.

乾隆皇帝是我国古代最爱玉的帝王。历史上再没有哪位帝王，象乾隆帝那样，对玉器的认识和研究投入如此大的精力。他爱玉、藏玉、甚至在玉器制作上亲力亲为。他在位期间是清宫收藏古玉最多的时期。

Emperor Qianlong is the most jade loving emperor in ancient China. No other emperor in history, like Emperor Qianlong, devoted so much energy to the understanding and research of jade. He loved jade, hid jade, and even made jade by himself. During his reign, the palace collected the most ancient jade.

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