古玩城2019精品推荐第12期：铜墨盒

铜墨盒最早起源于清中期同治时期（1861年至1875年）。据史书齐如山的《北京三百六十行》中记载：“刻墨盒始于陈寅生”。文物学家邓之诚在《骨董琐记》中也记载：“京师厂肆专业墨盒者，推万礼斋为最先；刻字则始详于陈寅生秀才…时同治初元也。

Copper ink cartridge originated from the Tongzhi period (1861-1875) in the middle of Qing Dynasty. According to Qi Rushan's "three hundred and sixty lines of Beijing", it is recorded that "ink box carving began with Chen Yinsheng". Deng Zhicheng, a cultural relic expert, also recorded in the story of Gudong: "the four professional ink cartridges in the capital factory are the first to promote wanlizhai; the lettering is detailed in Chen Yinsheng's scholar At the same time, the early Yuan Dynasty.

光绪初年，京城开始有了铜墨盒作坊，以后日渐增多，较有名气的有万礼斋、义合成、京明斋、古松斋、明远阁、来薰阁、同古堂，以及文古南纸店等。清末震钧《天咫偶闻》云：“墨盒盛行，端砚日贱，宋代旧坑，不逾十金，贾人亦绝不识，士夫案头，墨盒之外，砚台寥寥。”可见铜墨盒在晚清已成为文人雅士爱用的时髦之物。

In the early years of Guangxu, there began to be a copper ink cartridge workshop in Beijing, which has been increasing gradually since then. The more famous ones are wanlizhai, yisynthetic, jingmingzhai, gushongzhai, mingyuange, Laixun Pavilion, tonggutang, wengunanzhidian, etc. In Zhenjun's "a glimpse of the sky" at the end of the Qing Dynasty, it is said: "ink cartridges are in vogue, Duan inkstones are in low price day by day, the old pits in the Song Dynasty are no more than ten gold, and Jia people never know them. Besides the ink cartridges, there are few inkstones." It can be seen that the copper ink cartridge has become a fashionable thing for literati in the late Qing Dynasty.

从文物角度说，收藏铜墨盒应首先集存旧盒，但因旧时刻铜艺人的水平参差不齐，所以在收藏过程中必须去粗取精。此外，陈寅生的刻铜墨盒代表了近代刻铜工艺的最高水平，成为近代以来收藏家们悉心追求的对象，这便刺激了对其作品的仿制行为，因此落款“寅生刻”的作品中赝品极多，在晚清民国时期大约就能占到80%，当代就更难见真品，去伪存真成为必然。1990年代中期以来，旧铜墨盒市场行情逐年上升，有人借机牟利，制售假货，地摊上出现了大量粗劣低俗的仿制铜墨盒

From the perspective of cultural relics, the collection of copper ink cartridges should first collect and store the old boxes, but because the level of copper artists in the old times is uneven, so we must take the rough and refined in the collection process. In addition, Chen Yinsheng's engraved copper ink cartridge represents the highest level of modern engraved copper technology, which has become the target of collectors' careful pursuit since modern times, which stimulates the imitation behavior of his works. Therefore, there are a lot of forgeries in the works of "Yinsheng engraved", which can account for 80% in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Nowadays, it is more difficult to see the real ones, so it is inevitable to eliminate the forgeries and save the real ones. Since the mid-1990s, the market of old copper ink cartridge has been increasing year by year. Some people take advantage of the opportunity to make profits, manufacture and sell fake goods, and a large number of crude and vulgar imitation copper ink cartridges have appeared on the stall

收藏者要加强历史、文化、书画艺术方面的修养，广泛、深入地了解陈寅生、姚茫父等名家的文化底蕴和创作背景，多看他们的真品精品，把握其艺术风格。真品布局章法大方、舒展而紧凑，书画刻工形神兼备，线条坚定、流畅、爽利、深刻；而仿品布局章法则往往委琐、局促而散漫，书画刻工有形无神，线条犹豫、板滞、软弱、虚浮。

Collectors should strengthen the cultivation of history, culture, calligraphy and painting art, understand the cultural background and creation background of famous artists such as Chen Yinsheng and Yao Mangfu extensively and deeply, see more of their authentic works and master their artistic style. The layout of authentic products is generous, flexible and compact, with both shape and spirit, firm, smooth, refreshing and profound lines; while the layout of imitated products is often cumbersome, cramped and scattered, with no spirit, hesitation, rigidity, weakness and vanity.

使用过的墨盒凝结着历史的沧桑感，得以留存至今，这本身就是一种价值。但是任何事情总有例外，近些年，也发现过个别从未使用过的老铜墨盒，有的里面不仅没有墨痕，连丝绵都没有。一种原因是，墨盒工艺水平极高，舍不得使用;还有一种原因是，墨盒受赠于大名人，或受奖者觉得荣誉很高，舍不得使用。这样的墨盒等于天生就是收藏品，一经发现，珍贵程度往往名副其实，文化价值和经济价值要超过那些曾经被使用过的墨盒。

The used ink cartridge condenses the vicissitudes of history, which is a value in itself. But there are always exceptions to everything. In recent years, some old copper ink cartridges that have never been used have been found. Some of them have no ink marks or even silk. One reason is that the ink cartridge has a high level of technology and is reluctant to be used; the other reason is that the ink cartridge is given to celebrities or the recipients feel that the honor is very high and they are reluctant to use it. Such ink cartridges are natural collectibles. Once found, they are often worthy of the name, and their cultural and economic value are higher than those used before.

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