古玩行2020精品推荐第3期：北宋宫用汝窑孤品

汝窑是北宋末期的御用瓷器，温润典雅的天青釉像是扑捉了雨过天晴刹那间的云光掠影，为宋五大名窑之魁，是中国历代青瓷的典范，因其烧造年代短，自南宋以来就是收藏界的珍宝。有记录的传世汝窑瓷器全世界仅存67件，是官窑系统中传世最少的一个品种，台北故宫也仅有21件。大维德收藏了12件（最为普遍的说法是7件），包括了乾隆御题汝窑碗、刻花鱼纹洗、葵口盏托、三足奁式炉、水仙盆、浅碟、瓶等各种器型，无论从数量上还是质量上看仅次于台北故宫的汝窑收藏。

Ru Kiln is a royal porcelain in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Its warm and elegant azure glaze is like catching a glimpse of the clouds in a flash after a storm. It is the chief of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty and a model of celadon in the Chinese calendar. Because of its short firing period, it has been a treasure in the collection circle since the Southern Song Dynasty. There are only 67 pieces of Ru kiln porcelain handed down from ancient times in the world, which is the least variety handed down from ancient times in the official kiln system, and there are only 21 pieces in Taipei Imperial Palace. David has collected 12 pieces (the most common saying is 7 pieces), including various types of ware such as Ru Kiln bowls, carved fish pattern washing, Kuihou lamp holder, three-legged casket stove, narcissus basin, shallow dish, bottle, etc., which are second only in quantity and quality to the collection of Ru Kiln in Taipei Imperial Palace.

此件北宋宫用汝窑孤品,藏品沒有一点砝碰，品象完美，造型古朴大方，色泽独特。宋、元、明、清以来，宫廷汝瓷用器，内库所藏，视若珍宝、与商彝周鼎比贵。釉如凝脂，冰裂莹澈，器形巧致雅绝，底见三芝麻花细小支钉。通器完美臻善，当属汝官瓷之范。

This is a unique Ru kiln product used in the Northern Song Dynasty palace. The collection is not touched by any ephah. The product looks perfect, the shape is simple and elegant, and the color is unique. Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the instruments used by Ru Ci in the palace and hidden in the inner storeroom have been valued as treasures and more expensive than those of Shang Yi and Zhou Ding. Glaze such as coagulate fat, ice crack jade-like stone clear, exquisite shape to elegant unique, see three sesame flower small Zhi Ding at the bottom. The perfection and perfection of the common ware should be the model of your official porcelain.

釉面呈蝉翼纹细小开片 ，多呈斜裂开片，深浅相互交织叠错，象是银光闪闪的片片鱼鳞，或呈蝉翼纹状，给人以排列有序的层次感。釉中细小沙眼呈鱼子纹、芝麻花和蟹爪纹。

Glaze is a small slice with cicada's wing pattern. Most of the slices are obliquely split. The depth and depth of the slices are interwoven and overlapped, like silver fish scales or cicada's wing pattern, giving a sense of orderly arrangement. The fine trachoma in glaze is fish roe pattern, sesame flower pattern and crab claw pattern.

随光变幻，观其釉色，色泽像光洁的玉，“既质玉之质，复白雪之白”之美妙，土质细润，坯体如侗体其釉厚，明亮而

刺目。

With the changes of light, the glaze color looks like bright and clean jade, "both the quality of jade and the white of white snow". The soil is fine and moist, and the blank body is like Dong body. Its glaze is thick, bright and not harsh.

高濂的《遵生八笺》说汝窑"底有芝麻细小挣针"。在器物底部可见细如芝麻状的支钉痕三、五、七个，六个支钉的很少，痕迹很浅，大小如粟米。张公巷的器物呈圆形支钉。（窑器物一般均采用满釉支烧，为了避免窑炉内杂质的污染，需用匣钵装好，并将器物用垫圈和支钉垫起，防止与匣钵粘连。）

Gao Lian's "Zunsheng Eight Notes" said that Ru Kiln "has sesame seeds at the bottom to make needles". There are three, five, and seven sesame-shaped Zhi Ding marks on the bottom of the utensil, and few of the six Zhi Ding marks. The marks are very shallow and are the size of millet. The implements in Zhang Gong Xiang are round Zhi Ding. (Kiln utensils are usually fired with full glaze. In order to avoid contamination of impurities in the kiln, the sagger should be installed and the utensils should be padded with gaskets and Zhi Ding to prevent adhesion with the sagger. )

汝瓷不张扬、不虚华的个性使人联想到翩翩的君子，沉稳却不失个性;它的内敛又好似江南女子的风姿卓韵、典雅含蓄，让人难以忘怀。

Ru Ci's unassuming and well-deserved personality reminds people of an engaging gentleman who is composed but does not lose his personality. Its introversion is like the charm of Jiangnan women, elegant and subtle, which is unforgettable.

宋代瓷业达到如此境界，绝非偶然。公元960年，北宋建立。宋初实行了“抑武修文”政策，“修文”导致文化的空前高涨，文人的地位得到提高，人们的读书热情激增，文化素质普遍提高。加上北宋的经济繁荣，为制作高水平的瓷器提供了物质保证。这样的社会氛围造就了宋瓷清新秀丽、典雅优美的艺术风格，成为宋代工艺美术中最为杰出的品种。

It is no accident that the porcelain industry in Song Dynasty reached such a state. In 960 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty was established. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the policy of "suppressing Wu Xiuwen" was implemented, and "writing" led to an unprecedented upsurge in culture, an improvement in the status of scholars, a surge in people's enthusiasm for reading, and a general improvement in cultural quality. In addition, the economic prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty provided material guarantee for the production of high-level porcelain. This social atmosphere created a fresh, beautiful, elegant and graceful artistic style of Song porcelain, and became the most outstanding variety of arts and crafts in the Song Dynasty.

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