古玩城2020精品推荐第二期：汉白玉碗-碟

中华民族有着悠久的用玉史与造玉史。相传，早在清代，赏石藏石之风盛行，帝王对奇石、玉石、园林非常崇尚，并雕刻建设了大量汉白玉雕件：汉白玉狮子、汉白玉碗罐等。清代琢玉的规模、种类，在中国古代玉雕史上是空前绝后的。其工艺水平集历代工艺之大成，掀起了中国古代最后一个造玉高潮，它艺术成就中最有代表性的便是“乾隆时期”。而早在2000多年前我国就发现了汉白玉这么高洁素雅的原料，利用这种优质原料进行雕刻的艺术创作，也已经有2000多年的历史了。而近几年来流传下来的汉白玉作品的市场行情越来越好，拍卖成交报价屡创新高。汉白玉历经千百年来经久不衰，可见其魅力之大，价值之高。

The Chinese nation has a long history of using and making jade. According to legend, as early as the Qing Dynasty, the practice of admiring and hiding stones was popular. Emperors greatly admired rare stones, jade and gardens, and carved and built a large number of white marble carvings: white marble lions, white marble bowls and jars, etc. The scale and type of jade carving in Qing Dynasty is unprecedented in the history of ancient Chinese jade carving. Its level of craftsmanship is a combination of the great achievements of past dynasties, which has set off the last climax of jade making in ancient China. The most representative of its artistic achievements is the "Ganlong Period". As early as 2,000 years ago, China discovered white marble as a high-quality and elegant raw material. It has a history of over 2,000 years to use this high-quality raw material for artistic creation of sculpture. In recent years, the market situation of white marble works handed down is getting better and better, and the auction price has reached new highs. White marble has survived for thousands of years, showing its great charm and high value.

汉白玉是一种名贵的建筑材料，它洁白无瑕，质地坚实而又细腻，非常容易雕刻，古往今来的名贵建筑多采用它作原料，成为千百年来皇宫王府庭院雕刻石材的首选。汉白玉色泽呈乳白色，清雅纯净，却富有贵气，以独有的魅力触动了世人的神经，颇受人们喜爱。

White marble is a kind of precious building material. It is white and flawless, solid and delicate in texture, and very easy to carve. It has been widely used as a raw material in precious buildings throughout the ages and has become the first choice for carving stone in the courtyard of the royal palace for thousands of years. White marble is milky white in color, elegant and pure, but rich in noble spirit. It touches the nerves of the world with its unique charm and is popular with people.

关于汉白玉名称的由来，人们众说纷纭。相传从中国古代起，多用这种石料制作宫殿的石阶和护栏，被历代人人墨客诵吟诵唱，所谓“玉砌雕栏”华丽如玉，所以称作汉白玉;也有一种说法是，从我国汉代起就用这种宛若美玉的石材修建宫殿，装饰庙宇，雕刻佛像，点缀殿堂。因为是从汉代开始使用这种建筑材料故称汉白玉;还有一种说法是汉白玉的“汉”字本应就是流汗的“汗”，汗字代表了汉白玉最鲜为人知的一个特征，真正的汉白玉，并非真的洁白无瑕，而是洁白中隐藏着浅浅的纹路，就像是出汗的印记一样。当然，最为大众接受的说法是我国从汉代开始就使用这种洁白无瑕的美玉来做建筑材料，人们就顺口称之为汉白玉。

People have different opinions about the origin of the name of white marble. Legend has it that since ancient China, the stone steps and guardrails of palaces were made of this kind of stone, which was chanted and sung by all the ink customers of all ages. The so-called "jade carved railing" is as gorgeous as jade, so it is called white marble. There is also a saying that this kind of jade-like stone has been used since Han Dynasty to build palaces, decorate temples, carve Buddha statues and adorn halls. Because this kind of building material has been used since Han Dynasty, it is called white marble. Another argument is that the word "Han" in white marble is supposed to be "sweat" of sweat. The word "sweat" represents one of the most little-known features of white marble. The real white marble is not really white and flawless, but it hides shallow lines in white, just like the mark of sweat. Of course, the most widely accepted statement is that China has used this kind of flawless white jade as building materials since the Han Dynasty, which is easily called white marble.

乾隆孝粉玉碗的来历，其中有一段故事：乃是乾隆皇帝他母亲当时生病，经过御医治疗研发中药必须配合玉器使用才能达到最佳疗效。为此乾隆皇帝连夜命令工匠赶制出玉碗-玉蝶-玉杯-玉瓶等。史料记载：当时乾隆命人制造材质是汉白玉的，有花纹的，也有八卦纹的实用器，共64套，除了给母亲医药用外，还赏赐给个别当朝大臣。但是由于上百年的历史，使得这些套件都不完整，有些随着官员过世，埋入土中。分散到了民间。后期被后人誉为“乾隆孝粉”。

The origin of Ganlong Xiaofen jade bowl includes a story: Emperor Ganlong and his mother were ill at that time. Traditional Chinese medicine developed by imperial doctors must be combined with jade to achieve the best curative effect. For this reason, Emperor Ganlong ordered craftsmen to make jade bowls-jade butterflies-jade cups-jade bottles, etc. overnight. Historical records: At that time, Ganlong ordered people to make 64 sets of white marble, patterned and bagua patterned utility devices, which were given to individual ministers of the current dynasty in addition to medical use for their mothers. However, due to hundreds of years of history, these kits are incomplete. Some of them were buried in the earth with the death of the officials. Scattered among the people. Later, it was praised by later generations as "Ganlongxiaofen".

汉白玉虽质地较为坚硬，但却脆弱易碎，所以汉白玉雕刻的艺术品极其稀罕。因为能称得上艺术品的，都必须用顶级的汉白玉，因为只有用顶级汉白玉才可以上数千万年

风化，次料，普通汉白玉则不同，风化年限较早，长的几十年，短的几年，有的甚至当年就风化，还有的刚几年就存在石层石线开裂现象。此件汉白玉碗·碟，即选用上等汉白玉制成，材质十分精美，用灯光打照，整体十分通透，有玉质光感，碗内外部均暗刻花纹，整幅画面繁而不乱，却显得生机勃勃，春意盎然，给人一种新鲜、活泼、清新的感觉。底部刻有篆书，上书“乾隆孝粉”。其工艺十分复杂，就算在宫廷也是稀有之物，收藏价值极高，温润的玉材均不作任何人为沁色，规整的器形端庄雅致，充分体现了乾隆时期的审美趣味，是当时汉白玉碗的杰作。且流传有序，堪称精品，更应珍藏。

White marble is hard in texture, but fragile and fragile, so white marble carving works of art are extremely rare. Because can be called works of art, must use top-grade white marble, because only with top-grade white marble can tens of millions of years not weathering, secondary material, ordinary white marble is different, weathering years earlier, long decades, short years, some even weathering in those days, and just a few years there is a stone layer stone line cracking phenomenon. This white marble bowl and dish is made of the finest white marble. The material is very exquisite. It is illuminated by light. The whole bowl is transparent and has a jade light feeling. The inside and outside of the bowl are all engraved with patterns. The whole picture is numerous but not messy. However, it is full of vitality and full of spring. It gives people a fresh, lively and fresh feeling. The bottom is engraved with seal script, saying "Ganlongxiaofen". Its craft is very complex, even in the palace is also a rare thing, collection value is extremely high, the jade material of warm and moist does not make any artificial color, neat shape dignified and elegant, fully reflects the dry long period of aesthetic taste, is the masterpiece of white marble bowl at that time. And spread orderly, can be called a boutique, should be treasured.

当前玉器市场上“乾隆玉”是一大霸主，玉器拍卖纪录多数是由“乾隆玉”创造的。相对于其他时代的玉器，乾隆时期的玉器“天价”频出，可见在收藏家心目中有着不可替代的地位。

At present, "Ganlongyu" is a big overlord in the jade market. Most of the auction records of jade are created by "Ganlongyu". Compared with the jade wares of other times, the "sky-high price" of the jade wares of Ganlong period is frequent, which shows that they have an irreplaceable position in the eyes of collectors.

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