古玩行2020精品推荐第5期：大清寿山田黄石瑞兽钮博古印章

素有“万石中之王”尊号的田黄石，是寿山石系列中的瑰宝。其色泽温润可爱，肌理细密，自明清以来就被人视为“印石之王”。寿山田黄石产自福建寿山乡寿山村不到一平方公里的溪田里，因色相多为黄色，因而称为田黄石。田黄石质地较软，比重约在2.6克/cm3—2.65克/cm3之间，被称为“中国的软宝石”、“软黄金”，是雕刻印章的上佳材质。其珍贵之处在于全世界只有寿山溪沿岸两边狭长的水田底下砂层中才有这种田黄石，是“无根而朴”、“无脉可寻”的优质天然石材，经数百年的开采，现在已绝迹，所以显得十分珍贵。

Tian Huangshi, known as "king of ten thousand stones", is a treasure in Shoushan stone series. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as the "king of India stone". Shoushantian Huangshi is produced in the stream field less than one square kilometer in Shoushan village, Shoushan Township, Fujian Province. It is called Tianhuang stone because its color is mostly yellow. Tianhuang stone is soft, with a specific gravity of 2.6g/cm3-2.65g/cm3. It is called "China's soft gem" and "soft gold", which is the best material for carving seals. It is precious because it is only found in the sand layer under the narrow paddy fields on both sides of the Shoushan River in the world. It is a high-quality natural stone with "no roots but simple" and "no veins to find". After hundreds of years of mining, it has disappeared, so it is very precious.

早在一千多年前，我国已有人开始采集，到了明清两代田黄石更是盛名于世。许多达官显贵、文人雅士竞相刻意收集田黄石。相传清初时期田黄石成为皇帝祭天专用的国石，寓其“福(福建)、寿(寿山)、田(财富)、黄(皇帝专用色)”之意，具备细、洁、润、腻、温、凝印石之六德，故称之为“帝石”。史载，清时福建巡抚用一整块上等田黄雕刻了“三链章”，乾隆皇帝奉为至宝，清室代代相传;咸丰帝临终时，赐予慈禧一方田黄御玺;末代皇朝解体，溥仪不要所有珍宝，只将那枚“三链章”缝在棉衣里。至于民间相传，田黄石是女祸补天时遗留在人间的宝石，又说是凤凰鸟蛋所变，还传田黄石可驱灾避邪，藏田黄者能益寿延年等。因此，田黄石一直盛名不衰，身价倍增，曾有古话“一寸田黄一寸金”。再之其资源趋近枯竭，所以田黄价格增长可谓是一日千里，不可估量，一块上好的田黄石，尤其是细经雕琢的田黄石印章更是收藏家梦寐以求的稀世珍宝。

As early as 1000 years ago, people began to collect it in our country, and Tian Huangshi was famous in the world in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many dignitaries and scholars competed to collect Tian Huangshi. It is said that in the early Qing Dynasty, Tian Huangshi became a national stone dedicated to the emperor's sacrifice to heaven, implying the meaning of "Fu (Fujian), Shou (Shoushan), Tian (wealth) and Huang (emperor's special color)". It has the six virtues of fine, clean, moistening, greasy, warm and coagulating stone, so it is called "emperor stone". According to historical records, in the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Fujian carved the "three chain seal" with a piece of top-grade Tianhuang, which was regarded as a treasure by Emperor Qianlong and handed down from generation to generation; Emperor Xianfeng gave Cixi a royal seal of Tianhuang on his deathbed; when the last imperial dynasty disintegrated, Puyi did not want all the treasures, but sewed the "three chain seal" into the cotton padded jacket. As for folk legend, Tian Huangshi is a gem left in the human world when the female disaster mends the sky. It is said that it was changed by the bird's eggs of Phoenix. It is also said that Tian Huangshi can drive away disasters and avoid evil spirits, and people who keep Tian Huang can prolong their life. As a result, Tian Huangshi has always enjoyed a high reputation and doubled his value. There was an old saying that "an inch of Tianhuang is an inch of gold.". In addition, its resources are nearly exhausted, so the price of Tianhuang is increasing rapidly and immeasurably. A piece of excellent Tianhuang stone, especially the carefully carved seal of Tianhuang stone, is a rare treasure that collectors dream of.

寿山石真正受到世人所重视，是在明末清初。清代寿山石中的田黄因含有福（建）寿（山）田（黄，这里指土地），为历朝皇帝所钟爱。于是皇帝权贵、文人雅士争相收罗。所以寿山是在清代倍受世人关注。现如今寿山石则名列候选国石榜首。

Shoushan stone was really valued in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Tian Huang in Shoushan stone was loved by emperors of all dynasties because it contained Fu (Jian) shou (Shan) Tian (Huang, here referring to land). Therefore, the emperor, literati and dignitaries vied to collect them. Therefore, Shoushan was paid close attention to in Qing Dynasty. Now Shoushan Stone ranks first among the candidate countries.

此枚珍藏大清寿山田黄石瑞兽钮博古印章，净长5厘米，宽3.6厘米，高5.2厘米，净重152克 寿山石是中华瑰宝，中国传统"四大印章石"之一。分布在福州市北郊晋安区与连江县、罗源县交界处的"金三角"地带。寿山石是福州特有的名贵石材，其石质晶莹、脂润、色彩斑斓。极具收藏观赏价值！

The seal is a treasure of China and one of the four traditional seal stones in China. It is distributed in the "Golden Triangle" zone at the junction of Jin'an District, Lianjiang county and Luoyuan County in the northern suburb of Fuzhou City. Shoushan stone is a unique precious stone in Fuzhou. It is crystal clear, greasy and colorful. Great collection value!

印章文化在中国三千年不衰，一方小小的印章，代表着的不仅是国人的诚信，更是悠久历史的见证。

Seal culture has been in China for three thousand years. A small seal represents not only the integrity of Chinese people, but also the witness of a long history.

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