特别推荐第六期：元青花鬼谷子下山图碗

2005年7月12日，元青花“鬼谷子下山图”罐，在英国佳士得以2.3亿元人民币的天价拍出，成为亚洲艺术品中的天字第一号，从而震撼了国内学术界、艺术品收藏界和投资市场，至今仍是研究和爱好中国瓷器者议论的热门话题之一。元青花的艺术、科学、历史价值很高，尤其是商业价值，多年来一直屡攀新高，始终受到国内外艺术品投资收藏家和爱好瓷器人们的青睐与追逐。

On July 12, 2005, the blue and white "Guiguzi down the mountain map" jar was sold at the high price of 230 million yuan in the British Christie's, becoming the number one in the Asian art, which shocked the domestic academic community The collection industry and the investment market are still one of the hot topics of discussion and discussion among Chinese porcelain lovers. Yuan Qinghua has high artistic, scientific, and historical value, especially commercial value. It has been climbing to new heights for many years, and has always been favored and chased by domestic and foreign art investment collectors and porcelain lovers.

此件元青花“鬼谷子下山图”碗，碗口宽40、高25.7，底宽19，有一条很细微的小裂缝，不影响外观，故事来自于元代版画《乐毅图齐七国春秋后集》，它表现了战国时代齐、燕交战中，孙膑被燕国囚禁，他的师傅鬼谷子下山营救徒弟的故事。同样的一件元青花“锦香亭图”罐，2005年在香港佳士得也拍出了4900万人民币的高价。该罐上所绘场景出自元代著名剧作家王仲文杂剧《孟月梅写恨锦香亭》，表现了唐玄宗时期才子佳人陈圭与孟月梅曲折的爱情故事，此两罐是稀世珍品——元朝人物故事青花罐八件中的两件。两罐绘画中的主题人物故事虽不一样，但器物的高度、直径等却大致相同。颈部、肩部也都分别绘上了相似纹饰。只可惜“锦香亭图”罐的罐口有了修补，其价值便大大低于“鬼谷子下山图”。元青花瓷器的装饰纹饰大多为牡丹、竹梅，龙纹、莲纹、花鸟等，因此，青花瓷器上历史人物故事的出现，就显得更为珍贵。

This blue and white bowl of "Gui Gu Zi descending the mountain" in Yuan Dynasty has a mouth width of 40, a height of 25.7, and a bottom width of 19. There is a tiny crack, which does not affect the appearance. The story comes from the Yuan Dynasty print "Leyi Tu Qi, the seventh state of the spring and Autumn Period". It shows the story of Sun Bin being imprisoned by the state of Yan in the Warring States period, and his master Guiguzi goes down the mountain to rescue his apprentice. The same blue and white "Jin Xiang Ting Tu" pot sold for 49 million yuan at Christie's in 2005. The scene painted on the jar is from the drama Meng Yuemei writes hate Jin Xiang Ting by Wang Zhongwen, a famous dramatist of Yuan Dynasty. It shows the tortuous love story between Chen Gui and Meng Yuemei in the period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. These two pots are two of the eight rare blue and white pots in the Yuan Dynasty. Although the stories of the main characters in the two paintings are different, the height and diameter of the objects are roughly the same. Similar patterns were also painted on the neck and shoulders. It is a pity that the mouth of the "Jin Xiang Ting Tu" pot has been repaired, and its value is much lower than that of the "Guiguzi downhill map". The decorative patterns of Yuan blue and white porcelain are mostly peony, bamboo plum, dragon pattern, lotus pattern, flowers and birds, etc. Therefore, the emergence of historical figures on blue and white porcelain is more precious.

我国虽早在唐代就已经烧制青花瓷，但成熟的青花瓷器诞生在元代。元代是一个承前启后的重要时期。元代中晚期景德镇开始大量生产青花瓷器，而且质量很高。青花瓷器从此成为景德镇窑乃至整个中国瓷器生产中的最主要产品，被人们誉之为“国瓷”。同时，元朝还在景德镇设立了全国唯一一所管理陶瓷机构——浮梁磁局。但由于所存资料和器物有限，因此，我们对于元青花的研究和认识，还处在初级阶段。人们常说的元青花主要是指元代晚期（1341——1368）的至正青花，至正青花是元青花的杰出代表，但并不能涵盖整个元代青花瓷器。元青花的存世量少，主要与多年来的征战，以及明初统治者野蛮焚毁元代器物有关。

Although China has already fired blue and white porcelain as early as the Tang Dynasty, mature blue and white porcelain was born in the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty was an important period of succession. In the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen began mass production of blue and white porcelain with high quality. Blue and white porcelain has since become the most important product in the production of Jingdezhen kilns and the entire Chinese porcelain, known as "national porcelain". At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty also established the only ceramic management institution in the country—Fuliang Magnetic Bureau. However, due to the limited data and utensils stored, our research and understanding of Yuanqinghua is still in its infancy. It is often said that the Yuan blue and white flowers mainly refer to the Zhizheng blue and white in the late Yuan Dynasty (1341-1368). The Zhizheng blue and white are the outstanding representatives of the Yuan blue and white flowers, but they cannot cover the entire blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. The few blue and white survivors of the Yuan Dynasty are mainly related to the years of wars and the brutal burning of Yuan Dynasty artifacts by the rulers of the early Ming Dynasty.

元代前前后后还不到一百年，作为一个王朝，它虽然短暂，但元青花却是我国瓷器中璀璨夺目的一颗珍珠。有趣的是，各个不同历史时期，如明、清直至民国，仿元青花瓷器几乎没有，因为元青花瓷器当时资料和器物都很缺乏，况且看到的元青花瓷器上也很少书写纪年款识。因此，在元末明初青花瓷器的断代界限上，也每每是仁者见仁智者见智。到了明朝永乐、宣德时期，又是中国青花瓷器的高峰之一，后人中爱好者和牟利者都很关注明朝永乐、宣德的青花瓷器，却忽略了元青花才是真正一座尚未开发的宝藏。此《元青花鬼谷子下山图碗》从颜色和工艺上都是青花瓷中翘楚。更关键的是元青花存世量极为稀少，正宗的元青花前世界都不足三百件，更不要说画有人物和故事的元青花罐了，全世界加起来也不超过十件，这“鬼谷子下山图”罐正是其中的代表，神秘的老人，精美的瓷罐，凝结着古代匠人的心血，更表明着中华文明辉煌的历史，具有极高的收藏投资价值和历史研究价值。

Yuan Dynasty before and after less than 100 years, as a dynasty, although it is short, but yuan blue and white porcelain is a brilliant pearl in China. Interestingly, in different historical periods, such as the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were almost no imitations of Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain, because there was a lack of materials and utensils at that time. Moreover, the blue and white porcelain of Yuan Dynasty was rarely written with dates. Therefore, in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty blue and white porcelain dating boundaries, often have different opinions. In the Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming Dynasty, it was also one of the peaks of China's blue and white porcelain. Later generations' lovers and profiteers paid close attention to the blue and white porcelain of Yongle and Xuande of the Ming Dynasty, but ignored that the blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty was a real undeveloped treasure. The blue and white Guiguzi downhill bowl of Yuan Dynasty is one of the best blue and white porcelain in terms of color and technology. What's more, the number of Yuan blue and white pots is extremely rare. There are less than 300 authentic yuan blue and white pots in the former world, not to mention the number of Yuan blue and white pots with figures and stories. The "Gui Gu Zi down the mountain" pot is just one of the representatives. The mysterious old man and the exquisite porcelain jar are condensed with the painstaking efforts of ancient craftsmen, and show the glorious history of Chinese civilization History is of great value in collecting investment and historical research.

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