古玩城2020精品推荐第七期：青花瓷鼻烟壶

鼻烟壶指的是盛鼻烟的容器，小可手握，便于携带。明末清初，鼻烟传入中国，鼻烟盒渐渐东方化，产生了鼻烟壶。

Snuff bottle refers to a container for snuff, which can be held by hand and is easy to carry. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, snuff was introduced into China, and snuff boxes gradually became oriental, resulting in snuff bottles.

现在人们嗜用鼻烟的习惯几近绝迹，但鼻烟壶却作为一种精美艺术品流传下来，而且长盛不衰，被誉为“集中各国多种工艺之大成的袖珍艺术品”。

Nowadays, people's habit of using snuff is almost extinct, but snuff bottle has been handed down as a fine art, and it has a long history, and is known as "a pocket-sized art that concentrates on various crafts in various countries".

中国鼻烟壶，作为精美的工艺品，采用瓷、铜、象牙、玉石、玛瑙、琥珀等材质，运用青花、五彩、雕瓷、套料、巧作、内画等技法，汲取了域内外多种工艺的优点，被雅好者视为珍贵文玩，在海内外皆享有盛誉。

Chinese snuff bottle, as an exquisite handicraft, is made of porcelain, copper, ivory, jade, agate, amber, etc., using blue and white, multicolored, carved porcelain, nesting, artful work, interior painting and other techniques, drawing on the advantages of various crafts inside and outside the country, and being regarded as a precious wenwan by elegant people, it enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.

在世界上，中国素有「烟壶之乡」的称誉，其中鼻烟壶以其精巧卓绝的制作技术，被称为「集多种工艺之大成於一身的袖珍艺术品」。鼻烟壶为盛装鼻烟之容器，鼻烟系一种烟草制品，原为西洋之物，明末清初自欧洲传入中国后，加工转化后成为粉末状药材，吸闻之后不但具有明目避疫的功效，吸闻鼻烟在各阶层更是蔚为风尚，且迅速地融入了中国的艺术风格，发展出匠心独运的各式鼻烟壶，在清代美学工艺上大放异彩，成为清代艺术的重要表徵之一。

In the world, China is known as the "Hometown of Cigarettes", among which snuff bottles are called "pocket works of art with various techniques" because of their exquisite manufacturing technology. Snuff bottle is a container for holding snuff. Snuff is a kind of tobacco product, which was originally a western thing. After it was introduced into China from Europe in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, it was processed and transformed into powdered medicinal materials. After smoking, it not only has the effect of improving eyesight and avoiding epidemic diseases, but also has become a popular trend in all walks of life. Snuff bottle has been rapidly integrated into Chinese artistic style, and various kinds of snuff bottles have developed ingenuity, which have shined brilliantly in Qing Dynasty aesthetics and become one of the important symbols of Qing Dynasty art.

鼻烟是一种烟草制品，系将烟烘烤、去茎、粉、发酵并加入香料配制而成，用鼻嗅服。鼻烟17世纪期在欧洲开始流行，后期传入中国。中国最初并无特制容器，自清代道光年间由宫内养心殿造办处特制鼻烟壶，壶盖内附小细匙，以便舀取烟粉。康熙年间清宫造办处制造的玻璃、铜胎画珐琅等各种鼻烟壶。清宫造办咸丰、同治以后，官办作坊用贵重材料制作的鼻烟壶显著减少，多为玻璃、瓷制品。这时民间作坊的产品大量出现，造型较单调，装饰图案中出现历史人物、戏剧情节、市井风俗等题材。清末出现内画壶，在玻璃或水晶烟壶磨砂的内壁上反画人物、山水、花鸟等，堪称精品。20世纪70年代后，内画壶发展迅速。

Snuff is a kind of tobacco product, which is prepared by baking, removing stems, pulverizing, fermenting and adding spices, and then is sniffed by nose. Snuff became popular in Europe in the 17th century and was introduced into China in the later period. At first, there was no special container in China. Since Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, a snuff bottle was specially made by the hall of mental cultivation Office in the palace, and a small spoon was attached to the lid of the bottle to scoop out cigarette powder. Various snuff bottles, such as glass, bronze tire painting enamel, etc., were manufactured by the Qing Palace Office during the Kangxi period. After the Qing Dynasty built Xianfeng and Tongzhi, the snuff bottles made of precious materials in government-run workshops decreased significantly, mostly made of glass and porcelain products. At this time, there were a large number of products in folk workshops, with monotonous shapes, and themes such as historical figures, drama plots and common customs appeared in decorative patterns. In the late Qing Dynasty, interior painting pots appeared, and people, landscapes, flowers and birds were painted on the frosted inner walls of glass or crystal cigarette pots, which can be called fine works. After 1970s, interior painting pots developed rapidly.

鼻烟壶之所以受重视，除了本身的实用性外，还具有著送礼餽赠、身分象徵等功能，自清代发展至今虽然只有三百年的历史，因其小巧精致、宜於把玩，一直受到中西方博物馆及收藏界的青睐，成为中国近代文物的重要项目之一。

The snuff bottle is valued for its practicality, and it also has the functions of giving gifts, identity symbol, etc. Although it has a history of only 300 years since its development in Qing Dynasty, it has been favored by Chinese and Western museums and collectors because of its small size and delicacy, and has become one of the important items of modern Chinese cultural relics.

鼻烟壶是一种传统工艺品，始于明朝，盛于清代。内画鼻烟壶出现于嘉庆末年道光初期。它是用特制的微小勾形画笔，在透明的壶内绘制而成的。最初的内画鼻烟壶是内壁没有磨砂的透明玻璃壶，因为内壁光滑不易附着墨和颜色，只能画一些简单的画面和图案，比如：蝈蝈白菜、龙、凤和简笔的山水、人物等，后来，艺人们用铁砂和金刚砂加水在鼻烟壶的内面来回的摇磨，这样使鼻烟壶的内壁呈乳白色的磨砂玻璃，细腻而不光滑，容易附着墨色，效果就象宣纸一样，内画鼻烟壶后来出现了一些比较精细的作品，再后来发展为诗书画并茂艺术精品。

Snuff bottle is a traditional handicraft, which began in Ming Dynasty and flourished in Qing Dynasty. The snuff bottle with inner painting appeared at the end of Jiaqing and the beginning of Daoguang. It is drawn in a transparent pot with a special tiny hook brush. The original snuff bottle with internal painting is a transparent glass bottle with no frosted inner wall. Because the inner wall is smooth and not easy to attach ink and color, it can only draw some simple pictures and patterns, such as Chinese cabbage, dragon, phoenix and simple landscape, figures, etc. Later, artists used iron sand and carborundum to add water to shake and grind the inner surface of the snuff bottle back and forth, so that the inner wall of the snuff bottle is milky frosted glass, which is delicate and not

鼻烟传入中国后，中国人先是利用传统药瓶盛放鼻烟，在此基础上利用了多种材质和制作工艺来完善鼻烟的盛具。他们在使用过程中发现，这种口小腹大的瓶子存放鼻烟更有好处，能够保证鼻烟在长期使用也不变质，并且携带方便,样式具有中国传统的美感，因此受到鼻烟烟民们的喜爱。 在中国的清代，上至皇帝，下至百姓，吸闻鼻烟甚是风行。以皇帝为首的封建贵族，奢靡至极，他们使用的鼻烟壶往往搜集名贵的材料，技艺精湛的工匠为他们设计、制造的。在国际上有的收藏家认为，鼻烟壶是集中国工艺美术之大成的袖珍艺术。

After snuff was introduced into China, Chinese people first used traditional medicine bottles to contain snuff, and on this basis, they used various materials and manufacturing techniques to improve the containers of snuff. During their use, they found that this bottle with large mouth and lower abdomen is more beneficial for storing snuff, which can ensure that snuff will not deteriorate after long-term use, and it is convenient to carry, and its style has traditional Chinese aesthetic feeling, so it is loved by snuff smokers. In China's Qing Dynasty, sniffing snuff was very popular from the emperor to the people. The feudal aristocrats headed by the emperor were extremely extravagant. The snuff bottles they used often collected valuable materials and were designed and manufactured by skilled craftsmen. Some collectors in the world think that snuff bottle is a pocket art that integrates Chinese arts and crafts.

此件青花纹鼻烟壶，唇口带盖，短颈，丰肩，敛腹，浅圈足。通体以青花装饰，线条流畅，花叶舒展，繁而不缛，纷而不乱，既突出了主题图案，又增加了画面的层次感。整体器型小巧精致，青花色泽明艳，布局繁密，构图饱满，繁而不乱，层次清晰，小器大作，方寸之间，尽展逸致雅趣，品相一流，保存完美。极具升值空间。

This blue-patterned snuff bottle has a lip with a cover, short neck, shoulders, abdomen, and shallow legs. The whole body is decorated with blue and white, with smooth lines, spreading flowers and leaves, numerous but not chaotic, which not only highlights the theme pattern, but also increases the layering of the picture. The whole device is small and exquisite, with bright blue and white color, dense layout, full composition, numerous but not chaotic, clear hierarchy, small devices, elegant taste, first-class appearance and perfect preservation. Great room for appreciation.

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