特别推荐第八期：乾隆孝粉玉碗

明清玉器千姿百态，造型各异。清代玉工善于借鉴绘画、雕刻、工艺美术的成就，集阴线、阳线、镂空、俏色等多种传统做工及历代的艺术风格之大成，又吸收了外来艺术影响并加以糅合变通，创造并发展了工艺性、装饰性极强的治玉工艺，有着鲜明的时代特点和较高的艺术造诣。明清时期玉器与社会文化生活的关系日臻密切，炉、薰、瓶、鼎、簋等仿古造型的玉器层出不穷。玉质的茶酒具非常盛行。文人在书斋作画、书写，往往也用玉来做笔洗、水注、笔筒、墨床、镇纸、臂搁等文具，或以玉器装饰陈设。由于玉材的不同，琢玉工具和琢玉技巧的不同，加上审美情趣和风俗习惯的不同，每个时期玉器的造型及主题风格也是千姿百态各具特色。

Jade articles in Ming and Qing Dynasties are of various shapes. Jade workers in Qing Dynasty are good at drawing lessons from the achievements of painting, carving and arts and crafts, integrating various traditional workmanship such as Yin line, Yang line, hollow out, pretty color and artistic styles of all previous dynasties, absorbing foreign artistic influences and blending them, creating and developing a highly artistic and decorative jade treatment process, which has distinct characteristics of the times and higher artistic attainments. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the relationship between jade articles and social and cultural life became closer and closer, and jade articles with antique shapes such as furnace, fumigating, bottle, tripod and reed appeared one after another. Jade tea and wine utensils are very popular. Scholars often use jade as stationery such as pen washing, water injection, pen container, ink bed, paperweight, arm rest, etc. when painting and writing in study, or decorate and display with jade articles. Because of the different jade materials, different tools and techniques for cutting jade, and different aesthetic tastes and customs, the shapes and theme styles of jade articles in each period are different.

乾隆孝粉玉碗是乾隆年间的一种玉碗，底部刻着篆字，上书“乾隆年制”，后有有人误念成“乾隆孝粉”，因名字通俗易解而流传。乾隆孝粉玉碗乃是乾隆皇帝他母亲当时生病,经过御医治疗研发中药必须配合玉器使用才能达到最佳疗效。为此乾隆皇帝连夜命令工匠赶制出玉碗-玉蝶-玉杯-玉瓶等。后期被后人誉为“乾隆孝粉”。

Ganlongxiaofen jade bowl is a kind of jade bowl in Qianlong period, with seal characters engraved on the bottom, saying "Ganlongnianzhi", and then some people mistakenly read it as "Ganlongxiaofen", which spread because its name is popular and easy to understand. Ganlongxiao Powder Jade Bowl is the Emperor Qianlong. His mother was ill at that time. After being treated by imperial doctors, the research and development of Chinese medicine must be combined with jade to achieve the best curative effect. For this reason, Emperor Qianlong ordered craftsmen to make jade bowls-jade butterflies-jade cups-jade bottles overnight. Later, it was praised as "Ganlongxiao Powder" by later generations.

此器，圆唇直口，弧壁，圈足。石质细腻温润，琢工精细。碗的内外部有花纹，有玉质光感另外。“乾隆孝粉”(实际是“乾隆年制”)主要是玉碗，几乎没有其他造型。暗刻浅浮雕花卉纹，雕工精细极致，底款书“乾隆年制”四字篆书，工艺十分复杂，就算在当时宫廷也是稀有之物，极具收藏价值。

This device has a round lip and a straight mouth, an arc wall and a circle foot. The stone is delicate and warm, and the cutting work is fine. There are patterns on the inside and outside of the bowl, and there is a sense of jade light. "Ganlongxiaofen" (actually, "Ganlongnianzhi") is mainly a jade bowl with almost no other shapes. The bas-relief flower pattern was secretly engraved, and the carvers were extremely fine. The basic book "Qianlong Nianzhi" was a four-character seal script, and the process was very complicated. Even at that time, the court was a rare thing with great collection value.

乾隆皇帝是我国古代最爱玉的帝王。历史上再没有哪位帝王，象乾隆帝那样，对玉器的认识和研究投入如此大的精力。他爱玉、藏玉、甚至在玉器制作上亲力亲为。他在位期间是清宫收藏古玉最多的时期。

Emperor Qianlong was the emperor who loved jade most in ancient China. No emperor in history has devoted so much energy to the understanding and research of jade like Emperor Qianlong. He loves jade, hides jade, and even makes jade articles himself. During his reign, the Qing Palace collected the most ancient jade.

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