古玩城2020精品推荐第八期：乾隆年制青花将军罐

将军罐，是因其体形硕大、造型饱满、气魄雄伟酷似一位头顶缨盔的将军而得名。从元代由短颈大腹的无盖大罐到明代的荷叶盖罐逐渐演变形成，从存世的实物来考证，真正成熟的将军罐是从明代嘉靖、万历时期开始，到了清代康熙年间官窑、民窑大量烧造。清代中后期更是备受推崇。将军罐也由实用器皿逐渐发展为用来陈设装饰、供奉避邪的艺术品。

General jar is named for its huge shape, full-bodied and majestic, which looks like a general with a tassel helmet on his head. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, from the big pot with a short neck and big belly to the lotus leaf jar in the Ming Dynasty, the real mature general's pot is from the Jiajing and Wanli periods of the Ming Dynasty, to the Qing Dynasty Kangxi years, a large number of official and private kilns were made. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, it was highly praised. The general's jars also gradually developed from practical utensils to ornaments, offering sacrifices to ward off evil spirits.

此罐直口、短颈、丰肩、鼓腹渐收、平底圈足，整器线条俊美，通体浑圆，体量颇大，因其盖似将军的头盔，故而得名。其通体以青花绘制纹饰，釉色浆白，清雅脱俗，构图巧妙，技法纯熟，极具收藏观赏价值。

It has a straight mouth, a short neck, a rich shoulder, a drum belly gradually retracted, and a flat bottom with round feet. The whole jar is beautiful in line and round in shape. It is quite large in size. It is named because its cover looks like a general's helmet. Its whole body is decorated with blue and white glaze, elegant and refined, ingenious composition and skillful techniques, which is of great value for collection and appreciation.

“青花托深情 瓷画映丹心”――青花瓷器是中国陶瓷史、文化史和艺术史上最辉煌的一页，也是世界艺术宝库中的一朵奇葩。青花瓷的产生标志着中国陶瓷已有素瓷向彩绘瓷过渡的里程碑。从元代开始青花瓷便成了中国陶瓷装饰的一大主要装饰形式，特别是到了明清时代瓷器便成为青花的世界，青花成为中国陶瓷出口外销的主流、畅流世界各地。

Blue and white porcelain is the most brilliant page in Chinese ceramic history, cultural history and art history, and also a wonderful flower in the world art treasure house. The emergence of blue and white porcelain marks a milestone in the transition from plain porcelain to painted porcelain in China. From the Yuan Dynasty, blue and white porcelain has become a major decorative form of Chinese ceramic decoration, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, porcelain has become the blue and white world, blue and white has become the mainstream of Chinese ceramic export, flow around the world.

青花瓷是应用料在瓷胎上绘画，然后上透明釉，在高温下一次烧成的釉下彩瓷器，花面呈蓝色花纹，幽倩美观，明净素雅，呈色稳定，不易磨损，而且没有铅溶出等弊病。清代龚在他的《陶歌》中这样称赞青花瓷：“白釉青花一火成，花从釉里透分明。可参造化先天妙，无极由来太极生”。青花瓷器之所以能在泱泱大观的中国陶瓷之林卓然而立, 除了拥有其它品类瓷器所共有的立体造型之美外, 最重要的就是其独有的瓷画艺术的无限魅力。

Blue and white porcelain is a kind of underglaze color porcelain, which is painted on the porcelain body with transparent glaze and fired at high temperature. The flower surface is blue pattern, beautiful, clear and elegant, stable color, not easy to wear and tear, and no lead dissolution and other defects. In his song of pottery, Gong of the Qing Dynasty praised blue and white porcelain as follows: "white glaze, blue and white are formed by fire, and the flowers are clear from the glaze. It can be referred to the innate beauty of nature, and Wuji originated from Taiji. The reason why blue and white porcelain can stand out in the magnificent forest of Chinese ceramics is that it has the beauty of three-dimensional modeling shared by other types of porcelain, and the most important thing is the infinite charm of its unique porcelain painting art.

将军罐，罐身为直口，丰肩，敛腹，平面砂底，附宝珠顶高圆盖，其外形酷似头戴战盔、挺胸凸肚的将军，因而得名“将军罐”。对于将军罐的用途，常说的版本有两种，一是将军罐为古代皇帝奖赏给战场上有功的将士，这将军罐是古代军人至高无上的荣誉;二是将军罐为专供将军级人物使用的一种陶瓷，古代的将军家里都用这种陶瓷来装东西。

The general's jar has a straight mouth, rich shoulders, and abdomen. It has a flat sand bottom and a high round cap on the top of a pearl. Its shape is similar to a general wearing a helmet and a big chest. Therefore, it is named "general jar". There are two versions of the general's jar. One is that the general jar rewards the meritorious officers and soldiers on the battlefield for the ancient emperor, which is the supreme honor of the ancient soldiers; the other is that the general's jar is a kind of ceramic specially used for generals, and the ancient generals used this kind of ceramics to hold things in their homes.

近年来随着收藏市场的火爆，将军罐成了收藏家们竞相追逐的目标，但与花瓶等其他古玩不同，将军罐是由罐子与盖子两部分组成，在百年的流传过程中大多数身首异处，特别在文革"破四旧"的年代又因体积太大难以藏身而大量被毁，完整的传世品较少，所以这一件原配的、完整无缺的乾隆年制青花将军罐更是稀有，弥足珍贵。

In recent years, with the popularity of the collection market, generals' jars have become the target of collectors. However, different from other antiques such as vases, generals' jars are made up of jars and lids. During the hundred years' spread, most of them were in different places. Especially in the era of "breaking the four old" in the cultural revolution, a large number of them were destroyed because they were too big to hide, and there were few complete relics handed down The original blue and white general jar made in Qianlong is rare and precious.

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