汉代高古玉精品赏析

【藏品名称】：汉代高古玉

[collection name]: Han Dynasty gaoguyu

【藏品数量】：一件

[collection quantity]: one piece

【藏品简介】：中国漫长的历史长河里，玉器始终享有崇高的文化地位，故自古有“黄金有价玉无价”之说。玉石质地致密，经打磨后表面光滑细腻、温润厚泽。华夏先民自古认为这种珍罕坚密的石头蕴含着护身避邪的神奇力量，故玉器对历代皇室贵冑来说，无论是作为配饰、祭器或生活用具，都是不可或缺的。中国杰出思想家孔子对玉推崇备至，并以玉寓君子必备的五大懿德：仁、智、义、理、信。《礼记》里亦载“君子比德于玉焉”。时至战国汉代，玉器具长生不朽及防腐之说更是盛极一时，玉器雕刻工艺达到前所未见的辉煌盛况。高古玉通常指汉代及汉代以前的玉石器，历经夏、商、周，可谓历史悠久。从北方的红山文化、龙山文化古玉，到南方的良渚文化、古蜀三星堆文化、金沙文化古玉；从史前神玉时代，到商周王权中的礼玉时代，玉与礼的结合将玉文化推向了圣坛。高古玉经历了神玉、王玉以及礼玉等时期，具有深厚的文化底蕴和艺术价值，目前已成为国家重点保护文物。

[introduction to collection]: in the long history of China, jade has always enjoyed a high cultural status, so it has been said that "gold is valuable and jade is priceless" since ancient times. The texture of jade is dense, and the polished surface is smooth, delicate, warm and thick. Ancient Chinese people believed that this rare and dense stone contained the magic power of protecting the body and avoiding evil. Therefore, jade ware was indispensable to the royal family and nobles in the past dynasties, whether it was used as accessories, sacrificial utensils or daily utensils. Confucius, an outstanding Chinese thinker, highly praised jade and used it to embody the five virtues necessary for a gentleman: benevolence, wisdom, righteousness, reason and faith《 In the book of rites, it is also recorded that a gentleman is more virtuous than a jade. Up to the Warring States and Han Dynasties, the theory of immortality and antisepsis of jade ware was even more prosperous, and the carving technology of jade ware reached the unprecedented glory. Gaogu jade usually refers to the jade of Han Dynasty and before Han Dynasty. It has a long history after Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. From Hongshan Culture and Longshan Culture in the north to Liangzhu culture, Sanxingdui culture and Jinsha culture in the south; From the prehistoric God Jade Age to the ritual Jade Age of Shang and Zhou dynasties, the combination of jade and ritual pushed the jade culture to the altar. Gaoguyu has experienced the periods of Shenyu, Wangyu and Liyu. It has a profound cultural heritage and artistic value. Now it has become a national key cultural relic.

近几年，随着古玉价格的不断走高，越来越多的投资者将视线转向了高古玉，但千金易得，美玉难求，高古玉是不可再生资源，如何收藏，便成为投资的关键问题。专家建议大家在选择购买时，应该注重玉器的玉质、品类、纹饰、琢工等方面，古方编著的《古玉的辨伪与鉴定》一书中对目前市场上比较常见的红山文化、龙山文化、良渚文化、春秋时期等的高古玉器做了详尽的介绍。红山文化高古玉特点：玉质上多呈黄绿色，为就地取材，经矿物鉴定与岫岩透闪石玉接近。品类上以鸟、兽等动物形玉器为主。器物造型概括简练，多光素无纹。琢工上浑厚豪放，器物常采用中间打洼使成凹槽和边沿斜磨使成刃状的技法，线条刚柔相济，富有韵律感，常见器物背面钻牛鼻孔，截面多作椭圆形。

In recent years, with the rising price of ancient jade, more and more investors have turned their eyes to high ancient jade. However, it is easy to obtain gold and beauty jade is difficult to obtain. High ancient jade is a non renewable resource. How to collect it becomes the key issue of investment. Experts suggest that when you choose to buy, we should pay attention to the jade quality, category, decoration, carving and other aspects of jade. The book "the identification and identification of ancient jade" compiled by ancient Chinese side gives a detailed introduction to the high ancient jade products such as Hongshan culture, Longshan culture, Liangzhu culture and spring and Autumn period, etc. Hongshan culture high ancient jade features: jade is mostly yellow green, for local materials, through mineral identification and Xiuyan diorite jade close. The main category is animal shaped jade such as birds and animals. The shape of the objects is simple and simple, and the multi light and plain are not striated. The craft is thick and bold, and the tools often use the middle hollows to make grooves and edges slant to make them blade shaped. The lines are rigid and flexible, and have a sense of rhythm. The nostrils are drilled on the back of common objects, and the cross-section is mostly oval.

良渚文化高古玉特点：玉质上少呈青绿色，许多受沁后呈鸡骨白色，多为透闪石或阳起石软玉。品类上较为繁多，以礼仪宗教性的器物琮、璧为典型，尺寸较大，规整谨严。纹饰上突破了先前玉器光素无纹的传统，创造出主纹、辅纹、地纹相结合的布局章法，以神面和神兽复合组成的神像纹最为流行。琢工上熟练掌握片切割、线切割技术，阴线、 浮雕、 圆雕、透雕等多种琢玉技法并现，并出现微雕，孔眼普遍采用双面对钻，孔内壁常遗留下错位的“台阶”痕和螺旋痕。那些传承有序、文化特征明显的古玉，价格已经暴涨至上百万元。在纽约苏富比的一场拍卖会上，一件新石器时代晚期至商时的玉刀，就曾以23.2万美元成交；而安阳殷墟遗址出土的一件商代的礼仪器玉戈，在2005年一场拍卖中也以480万元落槌。千金易得，美玉难求。古玉是不可再生资源，物以稀为贵，尤其是重中之重的夏商周老三代祭祀用高古神玉，数千年的历史更替，能流传下来的早已十分稀缺。随着时间的推移，连玉料都将日渐枯竭的今天，如能收藏到精、珍、稀三个特点都有的高古玉，投资收藏无疑为一种投资保值的最明智选择

The characteristics of Liangzhu culture high ancient jade are as follows: the jade is less greenish in quality, many of them are chicken bone white after Qin Dynasty, and most of them are tremolite or actinolite nephrite. There are many kinds of utensils, such as Cong and Bi, which are typical of religious rituals. They are large in size, regular and strict. The pattern broke through the previous tradition of jade with no pattern, and created a combination of main pattern, auxiliary pattern and ground pattern. The most popular pattern is the God image pattern composed of God face and god beast. In addition, there are many kinds of jade carving techniques, such as Yin line, relief, round carving, through carving and so on, and micro carving appears. The hole is generally drilled on both sides, and the inner wall of the hole often leaves misplaced "step" marks and spiral marks. The prices of those ancient jade with orderly inheritance and obvious cultural characteristics have skyrocketed to millions of yuan. At a Sotheby's auction in New York, a jade knife from the late Neolithic era to the Shang Dynasty was sold for 232000 US dollars; A Shang Dynasty ritual jade dagger unearthed from the Yin Ruins site in Anyang was also sold for 4.8 million yuan at an auction in 2005. Gold is easy to get, but jade is hard to find. Ancient jade is a non renewable resource, and rare is the most precious, especially the high ancient god jade used for sacrifice in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. With thousands of years of history, it has been very rare to be handed down. With the passage of time, even the jade materials will be dried up day by day. If we can collect the high ancient jade with the characteristics of fine, rare and rare, investment and collection is undoubtedly the most wise choice to keep the value of investment