古玩城2021精品推荐第二期：清明上河图虹桥部分(作者：张择端) d

张择端，字正道，汉族，琅琊东武(今山东诸城)人。北宋画家。宣和年间任翰林待诏，擅画楼观、屋宇、林木、人物。所作风俗画市肆、桥梁、街道、城郭刻画细致，界画精确，豆人寸马，形象如生。存世作品有《清明上河图》、《金明池争标图》等，皆为我国古代的艺术珍品。

Zhang Zeduan, the Han nationality, was born in Dongwu, Langya. Painters of the Northern Song Dynasty. In Xuanhe period, he was an imperial official, and was good at painting buildings, houses, trees and figures. The custom painting of shops, bridges, streets and city walls is detailed and accurate. The image of bean people is like a living horse. The existing works include the picture of Qingming River and the picture of Jinming pool, which are all the art treasures of ancient China.

清明上河图，中国十大传世名画之一。为北宋风俗画，北宋画家张择端仅见的存世精品，属国宝级文物，现藏于北京故宫博物院。

Qingming Riverside painting is one of the top ten Chinese paintings handed down from generation to generation. It is a folk painting of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a national treasure. It is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

清明上河图宽25.2厘米，长528.7厘米，绢本设色。作品以长卷形式，采用散点透视构图法，生动记录了中国十二世纪北宋汴京的城市面貌和当时社会各阶层人民的生活状况。是汴京当年繁荣的见证，也是北宋城市经济情况的写照。

Qingming Riverside map is 25.2 cm wide and 528.7 cm long, with colored silk. In the form of long scroll, the work adopts the scattered perspective composition method to vividly record the urban appearance of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty in the 12th century in China and the living conditions of people of all walks of life at that time. It is the witness of Bianjing's prosperity at that time, and also the portrayal of the city's economic situation in the Northern Song Dynasty.

这在中国乃至世界绘画史上都是独一无二的。在五米多长的画卷里，共绘了814个各色人物，牛、骡、驴等牲畜73匹，车、轿二十多辆，大小船只二十九艘。房屋、桥梁、城楼等各有特色，体现了宋代建筑的特征。具有很高的历史价值和艺术价值。

This is unique in the history of painting in China and even in the world. In the five meter long scroll, 814 people of various colors were painted, including 73 cattle, mules and donkeys, more than 20 cars and sedans, and 29 ships. Houses, bridges and city buildings have their own characteristics, which reflect the characteristics of architecture in Song Dynasty. It has high historical and artistic value.

《清明上河图》结构严谨，长而不沉，“广阔而不粗疏，缜密而不琐碎”，展现了画家精湛的绘画技能。整个画卷犹如一曲震撼人心的交响乐，在起伏跌宕中展开画卷，在繁华热闹的场景中逐步走向高潮，最后又回归平静。画卷可分为郊外风光、汴河场景、城内街市三部分。展开画卷首先映入眼帘的是薄雾笼罩下的村舍、农家、草桥、老树、扁舟等，在春回大地之际柳枝发芽，迸发出勃勃生机，袅袅炊烟缓缓升起，远处有小桥流水，仿佛能听到涓涓的流水声。清晨，几个脚夫赶着毛驴进城。路上有轿夫、挑夫、马匹等，人们在匆匆忙忙进城，还有从京郊扫墓归来的人。

"Qingming Riverside" has a rigorous structure, long but not heavy, "broad but not rough, meticulous but not trivial", which shows the artist's superb painting skills. The whole picture is like a heart shaking symphony, unfolding in the ups and downs, gradually reaching the climax in the bustling scene, and finally returning to peace. The painting can be divided into three parts: suburban scenery, Bianhe scene and city market. Unfolding the scroll, the first things that come into view are the cottages, farmhouses, grass bridges, old trees, boats, etc. shrouded in mist. When spring returns to the earth, the willows sprout and burst out with vitality. The smoke rises slowly. There is a small bridge running water in the distance, as if the sound of trickling water can be heard. In the early morning, several porters drove donkeys into the city. On the road, there are sedan bearers, porters, horses, etc. people are rushing into the city, as well as people returning from tomb sweeping in the suburbs of Beijing.

画卷的中段是繁忙热闹的汴河码头，也是画卷的精彩部分。在繁华的汴河两岸人烟稠密、高楼林立、粮船云集，画卷中有人在茶舍休息，有人在饭馆吃饭，有人在街上闲逛。一座结构精巧、规模宏大的虹桥横跨于汴河之上，桥上桥下热闹非凡，桥上人头攒动，熙熙攘攘，有辆独轮车和两只骡子正向虹桥走来。桥面上抬着轿子的两人在吆喝行人让路，而迎面走来两个骑马的达官贵人。桥下的汴河中船只穿梭往来。有的船只正在卸货，有的逆流而上。有的停在岸边，构成了繁忙的社会景象。一艘满载货物的大船从桥底缓缓穿过，船夫们在船上忙碌不停，有人用竹竿撑船，有人用竹竿顶着桥梁，还有人用手挽着麻绳，桥上和河岸两边站着许多围观的人，有人探头向前望去，有人在指手画脚，有人若无其事，有人在担心船只的安全。

The middle part of the picture is the busy Bianhe wharf, which is also a wonderful part of the picture. On both sides of the prosperous Bianhe River, there are dense people, tall buildings and grain boats. In the picture, some people rest in teahouses, some eat in restaurants, and some stroll in the street. A Hong Bridge with exquisite structure and large scale is across the Bian river. There is a lot of people on the bridge. A unicycle and two mules are walking towards the Hong Bridge. On the bridge deck, two people carrying sedan chairs were calling for pedestrians to give way, while two dignitaries on horseback were coming. Under the bridge, boats shuttle in the Bian river. Some ships are unloading, others are going upstream. Some stopped on the shore, forming a busy social scene. A large ship full of goods slowly passed through the bottom of the bridge. The boatmen were busy on the boat. Some people used bamboo poles to prop the boat, some people used bamboo poles to support the bridge, and some people used their hands to hold hemp ropes. There were many onlookers standing on the bridge and on both sides of the river bank. Some people were looking forward, some were pointing their hands and drawing their feet, some were as if nothing had happened, and some were worried about the safety of the ship.

第三部分是以城楼为中心的市区街道，也是画卷的高潮之处。街道两旁楼宇林立，官府衙门、民居宅院、城楼高台，还有酒馆、肉铺、茶馆、庙宇、药店、商店、肉铺、庙观等，大的商店和宅院都张灯结彩，挂着各种招牌，如正店、孙羊店、赵太丞家等。街道上人来人往，川流不息，有骑马的官吏、叫卖的小贩、坐轿的家眷、问路的游客、行乞的老人、背篓的僧人等，可谓是男女老幼、官商士绅无所不有。认真观察可以发现，轿子里的豪门贵族傲气自矜，酒楼上的纨绔子弟肆意狂欢，街上的小贩不停地叫卖着东西，城门边的残疾老人静静等待别人的施舍。在画卷末端，画家安排了一个背着包袱、手提盒子的问路人，他抬头展望着远方，这给画卷留下了一种“言已尽而味无穷”的审美意味。

The third part is the urban street centered on the tower, which is also the climax of the painting. There are many buildings on both sides of the street, such as government yamen, residential houses, high platforms of city buildings, pubs, meat shops, teahouses, temples, drugstores, shops, meat shops, temples and so on. Large shops and houses are decorated with lights and signs, such as Zhengdian, sunyang shop, Zhao Taicheng's house, etc. The streets are full of people, including officials on horseback, hawkers, family members in sedan chairs, tourists asking for directions, old beggars, monks carrying baskets and so on. Careful observation shows that the aristocrats in the sedan chair are arrogant, the dandies in the restaurants are carnival, the peddlers in the street are hawking, and the disabled old people at the city gate are waiting for handouts. At the end of the scroll, the painter arranges a person with a bag and a portable box to ask the way. He looks up and looks into the distance, which leaves an aesthetic meaning of "words are exhausted and taste is endless".

《清明上河图》直观地反映出当时社会的状况，也顺应了商品经济发展的需求，还迎合了诸多新兴市民阶层对艺术的审美感受，所以被无数群众所追捧，并逐步被北宋宫廷统治者所了解、接受与欣赏。在这部经典之作中，张择端选择了将现实主义创作思想与浪漫主义思想紧密结合起来，并运用长卷的形式进行整体构图，并借助散点透视的方式让整个画面扩充了容量，以便于描绘复杂多元的事物，并且让画面产生出一种戏剧性的变化，让人物在狭窄的画卷中具有高度的艺术凝聚力与概括力，因此，这是一幅国宝级的现实主义艺术珍品。

"Qingming Riverside map" directly reflects the social situation at that time, conforms to the needs of the development of commodity economy, and caters to the aesthetic feeling of many new citizens. Therefore, it is sought after by countless people and gradually understood, accepted and appreciated by the court rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty. In this classic work, Zhang Zeduan chose to combine realism with romanticism, and used the form of long volume to make the whole picture. With the help of scattered perspective, the whole picture expanded its capacity, so as to depict complex and diverse things, and make the picture produce a dramatic change, Let the characters in the narrow picture with a high degree of artistic cohesion and generalization, therefore, this is a national treasure of realistic art treasures.

此幅画为画册版里的印刷品，1993年之前（年份）。

This painting is the printed matter in the album, before 1993 (year).

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