古玩城2021精品推荐第二期：大清康熙青花釉里红五福人物大盘.

青花釉里红始于元代，以钴为着色剂的青花和以铜为发色剂的釉里红烧制而成。在明代很少有青花釉里红的成功之作。康熙时期烧制有所创新且最为成功。康熙青花釉里红主要是官窑瓷器。

Blue and white underglaze red began in Yuan Dynasty. It was made of blue and white with cobalt as colorant and underglaze red with copper as colorant. There are few successful blue and white underglaze red works in Ming Dynasty. During the Kangxi period, the firing was innovative and the most successful. Kangxi blue and white underglaze red porcelain is mainly official porcelain.

康熙早期釉里红的色调有深浓与浅淡两种，深浓者有凝厚感，浅淡者呈粉色至紫色。细笔线条的描绘细致清晰，有的清新，有的深沉。由于使用浙料或江西、广东青料描画，呈色灰蓝，个别发色欠佳，浓重灰暗及蓝黑，与顺治青花特点很相似。

In the early Kangxi period, there were two kinds of underglaze red hues: deep and light. Those with deep underglaze red were thick and those with light underglaze red were pink to purple. The description of fine lines is detailed and clear, some fresh, some deep. Due to the use of Zhejiang materials or Jiangxi and Guangdong green materials, the color is gray and blue, and some of the hair color is poor, with thick gray and blue black, which is very similar to Shunzhi blue and white.

中期青花使用云南省的"珠明料",这种青花色料提练精纯，由于水沉法改进为煅烧法，呈色鲜蓝青翠，无漂浮感，明净艳丽，清朗不浑，艳而不俗。有的呈宝石蓝色，鲜蓝而不火气，它与清代其它各朝青花有很大的区别，时代特征十分明显。并形成了一种新的艺术面貌。人们往往称康熙青花为"翠毛蓝"。晚期青花，呈色趋于淡雅，有的灰蓝，有的泛晕散，也有描青花，所占比重不大，多绘在杯、盘、碟等小件器皿上。

In the middle period of blue and white, the "Zhuming material" of Yunnan Province was used. This kind of blue and white pigment was refined and pure. Because the water sinking method was improved to the calcination method, it was bright blue and green, without floating feeling, bright and beautiful, clear and not muddy, gorgeous and not vulgar. Some of them are gem blue, bright blue but not fiery. They are very different from the blue and white of other dynasties in the Qing Dynasty, and the characteristics of the times are very obvious. And formed a new artistic appearance. People often call Kangxi blue and white "Turquoise Blue".

In the late period, the color of blue and white tended to be light and elegant. Some were gray blue, some were faint and scattered, and some depicted blue and white, which accounted for a small proportion. They were mostly painted on small utensils such as cups, plates and saucers.

取材方面，最突出的特点是师法自然和社会，反映世俗生活，主要有：植物花卉、山水、动物、人物故事、神话故事、吉祥纹以及长篇诗句等。也有一些是来自明末清初的木刻版画内容，康熙青花千变万化的装饰图案，也为其后雍、乾青花瓷器的发展奠定了坚实基础。

In terms of material selection, the most prominent features are imitating nature and society, reflecting secular life, mainly including plants and flowers, mountains and rivers, animals, character stories, fairy tales, auspicious patterns and long poems. There are also woodcut prints from the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The ever-changing decorative patterns of Kangxi blue and white porcelain also laid a solid foundation for the development of Yong and Qian blue and white porcelain.

康熙青花瓷器的款识，多种多样，在清代一朝是最为丰富多样。早期青花一般不书帝王年号款，偶见以宫廷或御花园中的斋堂落款，不带双圈，如"中和堂制"、"康熙辛亥中和堂制"（康熙十年）、"康熙壬子中和堂制"（康熙十一年）、"康熙癸丑中和堂制"（康熙十二年）等，中和堂是康熙皇帝在圆明园中的住所。

Kangxi blue and white porcelain has a variety of styles, especially in the Qing Dynasty. In the early blue and white period, the emperor's year was not written. Occasionally, it was written in the palace or the Zhaitang in the imperial garden, without double circles, such as "Zhonghe Tang system", "Zhonghe Tang system of Kangxi 1911" (the 10th year of Kangxi), "Renzi Zhonghe Tang system" (the 11th year of Kangxi), "Guichou Zhonghe Tang system" (the 12th year of Kangxi). Zhonghe Tang was the residence of Emperor Kangxi in Yuanmingyuan.

康熙青花中期开始大量书写帝王年号款，均为楷书，主要是青花双圈"大清康熙年制" 6 字款， 3 行 6 字。晚期青花既有 3 行 6 字，也有双行 6 字，后者往往不画双圈，"清"字右下的"月"字下现一横常竖写，还有少量的"大清年制"4字楷书款。这种4字款在颜色釉中也常看到，如黄釉碗和青釉瓷器盖碗等。康熙款总的风格是一般色泽稍浅淡，字体清晰，瘦长，端庄工整，清秀有力，熙字写法有"一撇三臣二笔已"之说，下半部的四点有直点和顺点两种，前者居多。字与字之间拉开距离比较大，上下不是很紧凑，顶天立地，时代特征鲜明。

In the middle period of Kangxi's blue and white period, a large number of emperor's year numbers were written in regular script, mainly in blue and white double circle "Qing Kangxi year system" with 6 characters and 3 lines of 6 characters. In the late blue and white period, there were not only three lines and six characters, but also double lines and six characters. The latter usually did not draw double circles. There was a horizontal and often vertical writing under the "month" at the bottom right of the "Qing" character, and there was a small amount of four character regular script of the "year system of the Qing Dynasty". This kind of four character pattern is often seen in colored glaze, such as yellow glazed bowl and blue glazed porcelain cover bowl. The general style of Kangxi style is light in color, clear in font, long and thin, dignified and neat, elegant and powerful. The style of Kangxi style has the saying of "one skimming three ministers and two strokes already". The four dots in the lower part have two kinds of straight dots and smooth dots, the former is the majority. The distance between the characters is relatively large, the upper and lower parts are not very compact, and they stand upright and have distinctive characteristics of the times.

此件大清康熙青花釉里红五福人物大盘，口沿46.5公分，青花釆用珠明料，呈色青中泛紫，康熙中期特征。侧光看去釉面精光内敛。可见表面呈桔皮绉。底施洒蓝釉，十分均匀漂亮。典型的中期写款。典型的泥湫背修得十分规整。整器光亮如新，宝气十足。正所谓＂官窑如新＂＂如新才是宝＂。十分珍贵。

This blue and white glazed red five blessing figure plate of Kangxi period in Qing Dynasty is 46.5cm in length. The blue and white is made of Zhuming material. It is blue in color and purple in color. It is characterized by the mid Kangxi period. From the side light, the glaze is pure and introverted. It can be seen that the surface is orange peel crepe. The bottom is sprayed with blue glaze, which is very uniform and beautiful. Typical mid-term writing. The typical clay back is very regular. The whole machine is as bright as new and full of treasure. It is the so-called "official kiln as new" and "as new is treasure". It's very precious.

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