古玩城2021精品推荐第二期：橄榄石

陨石也称“陨星”，是地球以外脱离原有运行轨道的宇宙流星或尘碎块飞快散落到地球或其它行星表面的未燃尽的石质、铁质或是石铁混合的物质。

Meteorite, also known as "meteorite", is a kind of unburned stone, iron or stone iron mixed material that is rapidly scattered on the surface of the earth or other planets by cosmic meteor or dust fragments that are separated from the original orbit outside the earth.

大多数陨石来自于火星和木星间的小行星带，小部分来自月球和火星。陨石大体可分为石质陨石、铁质陨石，石铁混合陨石。虽然陨石的形态各异，但这块超级定向橄榄石陨石可称的上“宇宙神石”，“上帝的礼物”。由于定向陨石在高速陨落的过程中，没有经过翻滚，长时间按一定不变的方向成垂直状态，直接陨落下来。这样的陨石叫垂直定向陨落陨石。

Most meteorites come from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and a small number from the moon and Mars. Meteorites can be roughly divided into stony meteorites, iron meteorites and mixed meteorites. Although the shapes of meteorites are different, this super oriented olivine meteorite can be called "cosmic God stone" and "God's gift". In the process of high-speed falling, the directional meteorite did not tumble and fell directly in a vertical state in a certain constant direction for a long time. Such a meteorite is called a vertical falling meteorite.

定向陨落的石陨石在坠落地面的过程中，在以每钞15公里的速度进入大气层，产生了剧烈的摩擦，高强度的气流和高温形成了热消溶，造成了对陨石头部的溶蚀，形成了各种各样的头部气线造形，也形成了石陨石本身的形态，大多数呈现大头小尾、圆锥形的导弹形状，这就是风阻最低的空气动力流线造型，科研价值极高，研究意义重大。

During the process of falling to the ground, the directional meteorites enter the atmosphere at a speed of 15 km per note, resulting in severe friction. High intensity air flow and high temperature form heat dissolution, resulting in dissolution of the meteorite head, forming various head gas lines, and forming the shape of meteorites themselves. Most of them are large heads and small tails The shape of conical missile is the aerodynamic streamline with the lowest wind resistance. It has high scientific research value and is of great significance.

橄榄石，是地幔中含量非常丰富的一种矿物，宝石级的橄榄石多为橄榄绿色、黄绿色、浓绿色等。人类对橄榄石的使用可以追溯到公元前3500年，古埃及人在红海边的小岛上开采橄榄石作为宝石佩戴，被埃及人称为“太阳宝石”。

Olivine is a very rich mineral in the mantle. Gem grade olivine is mostly olive green, yellow green, dark green and so on. The use of olivine by human beings can be traced back to 3500 BC. Ancient Egyptians mined olivine on a small island by the Red Sea to wear it as a gem, which was called "Sun gem" by Egyptians.

橄榄石多呈粒状，颗粒普遍偏小，玻璃光泽，内部常有由包裹体和应力裂隙组成的睡莲叶状包裹体;橄榄石具有较强的双折射率，所以我们在用放大镜观察橄榄石的时候很容易看到橄榄石的内部包裹体或者后刻面棱线出现双影;除此之外，橄榄石独特的橄榄绿色和铁元素导致的吸收光谱也是它区别于其他宝石的鉴定特征。

Olivine is mostly granular, generally smaller and glassy, with water lily leaf like inclusions composed of inclusions and stress fissures; Olivine has a strong birefringence index, so we can easily see the double shadow of the internal inclusions or the back faceted edges of olivine when we observe olivine with a magnifying glass; In addition, olivine's unique olive green and absorption spectrum caused by iron are also its distinguishing features from other gemstones.

橄榄石的主要成分是铁和镁，同时含有锰、镍、钴等元素，是组成上地幔的主要矿物，也是月岩和陨石的主要矿物成分，此外橄榄石也在火星、部分彗星上出现过。当这些天体碎片带着橄榄石坠落到地球上便会形成橄榄石陨铁，也被人们称为“天宝石”，其中大颗粒的橄榄石晶体被铁镍合金包裹着，看起来和地球产出的宝石级橄榄石的品质不相上下。

Olivine is mainly composed of iron and magnesium, and also contains manganese, nickel, cobalt and other elements. It is the main mineral composition of the upper mantle, as well as the main mineral composition of Moonstone and meteorite. In addition, olivine has also appeared on Mars and some comets. When these celestial body fragments fall to the earth with olivine, they will form olivine meteorite iron, also known as "celestial gem", in which large olivine crystals are wrapped by iron nickel alloy, which looks as good as the gem grade olivine produced by the earth.

陨石带来的橄榄石中除了微量元素会和地球产出的橄榄石不同之外，这些天外来客中的包裹体形态也从未在地球产出的橄榄石中出现过。陨石中的橄榄石在显微镜下可以观察到呈十字交叉状的细针状或丝状包裹体，这种包裹体的形态目前在地球产出的橄榄石中还未发现，并且还未确定组成这种包裹体的物质成分。

Except that the trace elements in olivine brought by meteorites are different from olivine produced by the earth, the inclusion morphology of these extraterrestrial visitors has never appeared in olivine produced by the earth. Olivine in the meteorite can be observed under the microscope in the form of crisscross fine needle like or filiform inclusions. The shape of this inclusion has not been found in the olivine produced by the earth, and the composition of this inclusion has not been determined.

此橄榄石陨石约重1006克，在陨石中的橄榄石带着彗星慧核的温度和慧发的潇洒，带着月岩的高冷，就这样穿过宇宙来到地球上，给我们带来的不只是一块宝石，还有它作为彗星的一部分在宇宙中划过的轨迹，还有我们从未见过的月球的背面。尽管它的稀有性限制了它的商业意义，但这并不妨碍一些专业矿物收藏者对它的喜爱。

This olivine meteorite weighs about 1006 grams. The olivine in the meteorite, with the temperature of comet's comet core, the natural and unrestrained of comet's comet hair, and the high cold of moon rock, came to the earth through the universe in this way, bringing us not only a gem, but also its track in the universe as a part of comet, as well as the back of the moon that we have never seen before. Although its rarity limits its commercial significance, it does not prevent some professional mineral collectors from loving it.

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