轩宇艺术古货币鉴赏：九月钱管局-清代银锭

银锭是熔铸成锭的白银。目前出土银锭中年代最早的，是西汉汉景帝中元二年 (公元前148年) 所铸。西汉末年，王莽推翻西汉，建新朝，也铸有银货。从此之后的历代朝代都有铸造银锭，但都流通不广。尤其是明代初期，当时民间流行用金银来交易，洪武八年，朝廷发行宝钞，宝钞就相当于人民币的纸币，可以用作兑换银两的纸币，发行宝钞之后，朱元璋下令严禁民间用金银交易，违者治罪。到明英宗即位后，才开始逐渐解禁，允许民间用金银当货币交易。这一举动造就了明朝当时社会整体购买能力要高于宋、元两朝。到了清代银锭更加流通，并实行银钱平行本位制度，规定制钱一千文准银一两。银两是法定通货，不仅民间交易收藏使用，官府收纳地丁捐税也使用。由此形成银两制度。清朝的银两多以马蹄形的元宝出现，故亦称为宝银。经过熔铸，又可分为大锭、中锭、小锭，通称银块或银锭此外还有碎银。由于各地均可自行熔铸宝银，以致宝银的种类和名称虽然全国大体一致，但成色与重量并不一律。各地使用不同成色名目的银两，相互兑换均有一定的折算比率。

Silver ingot is silver melted into ingot. At present, the earliest silver ingot unearthed is made in the second year of Zhongyuan (148 BC), Emperor Jingdi of the Western Han Dynasty. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang overthrew the Western Han Dynasty, built a new dynasty, and made silver products. Since then, silver ingots have been cast in successive dynasties, but they are not widely circulated. Especially in the early Ming Dynasty, gold and silver were popular among the people. In the eighth year of Hongwu, the imperial court issued banknotes, which were equivalent to RMB notes, and could be used to exchange silver notes. After the issuance of banknotes, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that the non-governmental use of gold and silver was strictly prohibited, and the offender was punished. It was only after emperor Yingzong ascended the throne that the ban was gradually lifted and gold and silver were allowed to be used as currency by the people. This move led to the fact that the overall purchasing power of the Ming Dynasty was higher than that of the song and Yuan Dynasties. By the Qing Dynasty, silver ingots were more circulating, and the parallel standard system of silver and money was implemented, stipulating that one or two thousand Wen silver coins would be made. Silver is legal currency. It is not only collected and used by private transactions, but also used by government to collect local taxes. Thus, the silver system came into being. In the Qing Dynasty, most of the silver appeared in the shape of horseshoe, so it is also called Baoyin. After melting and casting, it can be divided into large ingot, medium ingot and small ingot. It is generally called silver ingot or silver ingot, in addition to broken silver. Since all parts of the country can melt and cast their own silver, the variety and name of the silver are generally the same across the country, but the color and weight are not the same. Silver of different brands is used everywhere, and there is a certain conversion ratio for mutual exchange.

历朝历代中，银锭的种类都是不统一的，一种是宝银，呈马蹄形，重50两；第二种是中锭，多为锤形，重约10两，又称小元宝；第三种是小锞或锞子，形为馒头状，重一二两，也叫小锭；第四种是不足一两的散碎银子，有滴珠、福珠等称谓。银锭到民国时期都还可继续使用，直至新中国成立，银锭才逐渐退出历史舞台。不再作为货币交易。因此导致其存世量非常之稀缺，在拍卖会上也是神龙见首不见尾，可遇不可求的存在。

In all dynasties, the types of silver ingots are not uniform. One is Baoyin, which is horseshoe shaped and weighs 50 Liang. The second is Zhongding, which is mostly hammer shaped and weighs about 10 Liang. It is also called xiaoyuanbao. The third is Xiaobao or Jizi, which is steamed bread shaped and weighs 12 Liang. It is also called Xiaoding. The fourth is less than one or two pieces of silver, which are called drips, Fuzhu and so on. The silver ingot could still be used until the Republic of China. Until the founding of new China, the silver ingot was gradually withdrawn from the historical stage. No longer traded as currency. As a result, the amount of its existence is very scarce, and it is also a rare existence in the auction.

轩宇艺术有幸征得一枚清代银锭，此银锭呈成元宝型，银锭中间镌有海丰县，标明其地区，左镌有九月官钱局，标明其铸造局，右镌有乾隆四年，标明其铸造时间，此些信息表明其银锭为官银。银锭品相完整，包浆深厚，手感沉重、藏品虽然经历了无穷岁月的洗礼，但如今保存极为完好。是收藏界精品，具有无法估量的学术与历史价值。

Xuanyu art has the honor to obtain a Qing Dynasty silver ingot. The ingot is in the shape of Yuanbao. Haifeng County is engraved in the middle of the ingot, indicating its area. The official money Bureau in September is engraved on the left, indicating its casting Bureau. The four years of Qianlong period is engraved on the right, indicating its casting time. This information indicates that the ingot is official silver. The silver ingot is complete in appearance, deep in slurry, heavy in hand. Although the collection has experienced endless years of baptism, it is now well preserved. It is an excellent collection with incalculable academic and historical value.

银锭铭文是指铸造银锭时錾刻或铸造在银锭上的文字，内容历代不尽相同，大体包括银锭铸造的时间、地点、用途、成色、官员或工匠姓名等。錾刻铭文是当时为了保证银锭的质量，用签字画押的方法，表示对经手的银锭负责。各个历史时代银锭上的铭文都与当时的货币经济紧密相联，与当时政府用银为货币的历史相一致，如汉代银锭铭文字少；唐代的银锭字开始多起来了；宋金银锭铭文较以前有了显著变化，用途也较广泛，很多银锭开始注明用途、地点、成色、匠人等铭文；元代用途进一步扩大，有了税课银徭役折银税等铭文。明代的铭文多涉及税银内容一般包括地点、时间、用途、重量、工匠、监铸押运官员等；清代和民国时期银锭铭文变化最大。朝代的更迭，时代的转变，时局的动荡，历史的改革，导致银锭目前在的存世量非常之稀缺，以至于其价值非常之高。

The inscriptions on silver ingots refer to the characters carved or cast on the ingots when they are cast. The contents of the inscriptions vary from generation to generation, generally including the time, place, use, quality, name of officials or craftsmen, etc. In order to ensure the quality of the ingot, the engraved inscriptions were signed to indicate that they were responsible for the handled ingot. The inscriptions on silver ingots in various historical periods are closely related to the monetary economy at that time, which is consistent with the history that the government used silver as currency at that time. For example, there were fewer silver ingot inscriptions in the Han Dynasty; there were more silver ingot inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty; the inscriptions on gold and silver ingots in the Song Dynasty had significant changes and were widely used. Many silver ingots began to indicate the use, location, quality, craftsman and other inscriptions; the use in the Yuan Dynasty Further expansion, with tax class silver corvee into silver tax and other inscriptions. The Ming Dynasty's inscriptions mostly related to the content of tax silver, generally including location, time, use, weight, craftsman, casting supervision and escort officials, etc.; the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China witnessed the greatest changes in the inscriptions on silver ingots. The change of dynasties, the change of times, the turbulence of current situation, and the reform of history have led to the scarcity of silver ingots in existence, so that their value is very high.

丰富艺术生活，传递艺术价值！如果您对此枚清代银锭感兴趣，欢迎联系轩宇（广州）艺术传媒有限公司！

Enrich art life and transfer art value! If you are interested in this Qing Dynasty silver ingot, please contact Xuanyu (Guangzhou) art media Co., Ltd!

分享是一种美德，分享是一种快乐，学会分享，快乐他人！

Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a pleasure, learning to share, happy others!

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