古玩行2019精品推荐第12期：大明宣德炉香炉

香炉是古人的焚香用具，千百年来，在我国民间广为流传。自上个世纪90年代，继宜兴紫砂壶之后，宣德炉成为艺术品市场新宠。中国台湾、中国香港、新加坡、日本等地的收藏者竞相高价收购，价格高达几十万元甚至上百万元，比上世纪六七十年代上涨了千余倍。

Incense burner is an ancient incense burner. It has been widely used in China for thousands of years. Since the 1990s, Xuande stove has become a new favorite in the art market after Yixing Zisha pot. Collectors in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and other places competed to buy at high prices, with prices of hundreds of thousands or even millions of yuan, more than a thousand times higher than in the 1960s and 1970s.

宣德炉，为明朝宣德年间创制的焚香之炉，通常用于陵墓、寺庙及权势之家烧香，拜佛、祭祖神。明朝300年间，制作了不可胜数的器物，可称上乘之作。宣德炉作为其中的一种，可谓前无所师法，后无能为继，不愧为天地间一精美绝伦的古董，是我国古代工智慧和艺术的结晶。不管是收藏价值还是本身的欣赏价值都是难得的珍品。关于宣德炉的来历，有史记载宣德皇帝在位时，传说宫内的佛殿失火，金银、铜像都混成液体。又传说是佛典起火，金银珠宝与铜都烧结在一起，于是宣德皇帝命令将其铸成铜炉。宣德皇帝询问铸工说，铜炼几次才能精纯?铸工回答说用六火炼铜，就会现出珠宝的光彩。于是宣德皇帝命令炼十二火，把铜做成条。再用赤火熔化铜条，置于钢铁制成的筛格上，把先滴下的最精纯的选取出来制成炉，把仍存于筛格上的取出来制成其他的器物。

Xuande furnace, a furnace for burning incense created in Xuande period of Ming Dynasty, is usually used for burning incense in mausoleums, temples and powerful houses, worshiping Buddha and ancestor gods. During the 300 years of the Ming Dynasty, countless artifacts were made, which can be called excellent works. Xuande stove, as one of them, can be described as a perfect antique between heaven and earth. It is the crystallization of ancient Chinese industrial wisdom and art. Both the collection value and the appreciation value are rare treasures. As for the origin of Xuande furnace, it is recorded in history that when Emperor Xuande was in power, it was said that the Buddhist temple in the palace was on fire, and gold, silver and bronze statues were mixed into liquid. It is also said that Buddha's code set fire, gold, silver, jewelry and copper were all sintered together, so emperor Xuande ordered them to be cast into copper furnaces. Emperor Xuande asked the foundry workers how many times can copper be refined and pure? The foundry replied that if six fires were used to refine copper, the luster of jewelry would appear. So emperor Xuande ordered twelve fires to be smelted and copper made into strips. Then melt the copper bar with red fire, put it on the screen made of iron and steel, select the purest one to be made into a furnace, and take the one still on the screen to be made into other utensils.

宣德炉，为明朝宣德年间创制的焚香之炉，通常用于陵墓、寺庙及权势之家烧香，拜佛、祭祖神。明朝300年间，制作了不可胜数的器物，可称上乘之作。宣德炉作为其中的一种，可谓前无所师法，后无能为继，不愧为天地间一精美绝伦的古董，是我国古代工智慧和艺术的结晶。不管是收藏价值还是本身的欣赏价值都是难得的珍品。关于宣德炉的来历，有史记载宣德皇帝在位时，传说宫内的佛殿失火，金银、铜像都混成液体。又传说是佛典起火，金银珠宝与铜都烧结在一起，于是宣德皇帝命令将其铸成铜炉。宣德皇帝询问铸工说，铜炼几次才能精纯?铸工回答说用六火炼铜，就会现出珠宝的光彩。于是宣德皇帝命令炼十二火，把铜做成条。再用赤火熔化铜条，置于钢铁制成的筛格上，把先滴下的最精纯的选取出来制成炉，把仍存于筛格上的取出来制成其他的器物。 传世的宣德炉很少很少，且价格为天文数字，非常昂贵。因此，各朝历代都纷纷仿制，如今很多仿品充斥市场，无论到哪个旧货市场或古玩店，均可见到"大明宣德年制"款的宣德炉，然而如果想从这里找到真宣德炉简直是大海捞针，但事物不是绝对的，河里总会有鱼，也许我们会在某个古董摊上遇到真品，那么你如何断定它的真伪?这就需要你掌握一些鉴定知识。其实古玩中最容易鉴别的就是宣德炉，因为真伪之间相差太悬殊了，通常认为不易鉴别的，是因为没有见过真的宣德炉，一旦见过真的宣德炉，真假优良一目了然。 鉴别时，首先要知道真宣德炉选用的是一种风磨铜。反复提炼，同时铜中加入金、银等贵金属，这样，愈烧愈纯，金银等贵金属便浮于表面，轻轻擦拭，便泛出光泽，所以说铜质非常精细，而作假者不知其内加入金银等贵金属，不了解其比例，因此从铜质上能鉴别真伪，须看宣德炉底、足，露铜精者为真，粗劣者为假。

Xuande furnace, a furnace for burning incense created in Xuande period of Ming Dynasty, is usually used for burning incense in mausoleums, temples and powerful houses, worshiping Buddha and ancestor gods. During the 300 years of the Ming Dynasty, countless artifacts were made, which can be called excellent works. Xuande stove, as one of them, can be described as a perfect antique between heaven and earth. It is the crystallization of ancient Chinese industrial wisdom and art. Both the collection value and the appreciation value are rare treasures. As for the origin of Xuande furnace, it is recorded in history that when Emperor Xuande was in power, it was said that the Buddhist temple in the palace was on fire, and gold, silver and bronze statues were mixed into liquid. It is also said that Buddha's code set fire, gold, silver, jewelry and copper were all sintered together, so emperor Xuande ordered them to be cast into copper furnaces. Emperor Xuande asked the foundry workers how many times can copper be refined and pure? The foundry replied that if six fires were used to refine copper, the luster of jewelry would appear. So emperor Xuande ordered twelve fires to be smelted and copper made into strips. Then melt the copper bar with red fire, put it on the screen made of iron and steel, select the purest one to be made into a furnace, and take the one still on the screen to be made into other utensils. There are few Xuande furnaces passed down, and the price is astronomical and very expensive. Therefore, many imitations have been made in the past dynasties. Nowadays, many imitations have flooded the market. No matter which used goods market or antique shop you go to, you can see the Xuande stove of "Daming Xuande year system". However, if you want to find the real Xuande stove here, it's like looking for a needle in a haystack, but things are not absolute. There will always be fish in the river. Maybe we will meet the real thing at an antique stall. How do you break it Determine its authenticity? This requires you to master some identification knowledge. In fact, the easiest thing to identify in antiques is Xuande furnace, because the difference between the true and the false is too great. It is generally considered that it is not easy to identify because there is no real Xuande furnace. Once you see the real Xuande furnace, the true and the false are excellent at a glance. In identification, we should first know that zhenxuande furnace is a kind of wind ground copper. At the same time, gold, silver and other precious metals are added to the copper. In this way, the more pure the copper is, the gold, silver and other precious metals will float on the surface. If you wipe them gently, the copper will shine. Therefore, the copper is very fine. The forger does not know the proportion of the gold, silver and other precious metals. Therefore, the forger can identify the true and false from the copper quality. It is necessary to see that the bottom and feet of Xuande furnace are true, and the exposed copper essence is true, while the crude is true False.

宣德炉的特色:一是原料多，除铜之外，还有金、银等贵重材料加入，所以炉质特别细腻，呈暗紫色或黑褐色。二是炼次繁，一般炉料要经四炼，而宣德炉要经十二炼，因此炉质会更加纯细，如婴儿肤。第二，真炉色泽蕴藏于内，映出黯淡奇光，灿烂自然、柔和;而伪者照于外表，非自然生成。第三，真假宣德炉不管是圆形还是方型，也不管是陶耳，还是桥耳、半环耳，相同型者，轻浮者为假，浑厚古朴者为真。第四，真宣德炉的款识有一、二、四、六字款，如"宣"、"宣德"、"宣德年制"或"大明宣德年制"楷书款，结构严谨，字体规整;而假宣德炉一般为"大明宣德年制"的六款，随意书者为多，字体不规整。第五，鎏金或散鎏金宣德炉真者，金水很厚，呈黄中闪白色;假者，金水薄，不均匀，显轻浮。总之，宣德炉最奇妙处在于色彩。伪造的宣德炉色彩炫于外表，真的宣德炉色彩融于内质，从黯淡中放出奇妙的光泽，如同美丽的女子，其肌肤柔滑细腻，惹人抚弄。宣德炉放在火上烧久了，色彩灿烂多变，如果长时间放在火上即使扔在污泥中，拭去泥污，也与从前-样，伪造的宣德炉，即使用火培养数十年，一旦脱火，则形容枯

Features of Xuande furnace: first, there are many raw materials, in addition to copper, there are precious materials such as gold and silver added, so the furnace quality is particularly delicate, dark purple or dark brown. The second is the secondary refining. Generally, the burden of the furnace needs to be refined four times, while the Xuande furnace needs to be refined twelve times, so the quality of the furnace will be more pure and fine, such as baby skin. Second, the color of the real stove is contained in the interior, reflecting the dark and strange light, bright and natural, soft; while the fake one shines on the exterior, which is not naturally generated. Third, the true and false Xuande stove, whether it is round or square, whether it is pottery ear, bridge ear or half ring ear, the same type, the frivolous one is false, the thick and simple one is true. Fourth, there are one, two, four and six words in the real Xuande stove, such as "Xuande", "Xuande", "Xuande Nianzhi" or "Daming Xuande Nianzhi" regular script. The structure is rigorous, and the font is regular; while the false Xuande stove is generally the six words of "Daming Xuande Nianzhi", and there are many random books, and the font is irregular. Fifth, the gold-plated or scattered gold-plated Xuande stove is true. The gold water is very thick, yellow and shiny white. The false one is thin, uneven and frivolous. In a word, the most wonderful thing about Xuande stove is the color. The fake Xuande stove color dazzles in the appearance, the real Xuande stove color melts in the internal quality, and emits the wonderful luster from the gloom, just like the beautiful woman, whose skin is soft, delicate and touching. Xuande furnace has been on fire for a long time, and its color is brilliant and changeable. If it is on fire for a long time, even if it is thrown into the mud and the mud is wiped off, it will be the same as the fake Xuande furnace. That is to say, it has been cultivated by fire for decades. Once it is off fire, it will be described as dry

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