古玩行2019精品推荐第12期：中华民国开国纪念币壹圆

民国成立时，由于币制尚未建立，除四川改铸大汉银币，福建改铸中华元宝外，主要的造币厂，大都仍沿用前清钢模铸造银币，以供流通需要。由于币制混乱，临时政府财政部长陈锦涛，于民国元年3月11日呈文大总统孙中山，鼓铸1000万元纪念银币以为整顿。图案采用大总统孙中山肖像，以后的通用银币再改花纹式样。孙中山令财政部行文，同意鼓铸纪念币，并命令其余的通用银币新花纹，“中间应绘五谷模型，取丰岁足民之义，垂劝农务本之规”，训令财政部速制新模，分令各省造币厂照式鼓铸。不久，财政部就颁下新模给江南(南京)、湖北、广东等造币厂依式铸造，这就是“中华民国孙中山像开国纪念币”的由来。

When the Republic of China was founded, because the currency system had not yet been established, except for the silver coins of Dahan in Sichuan and Zhonghua Yuanbao in Fujian, most of the major mints still used the steel mould of the former Qing Dynasty to cast silver coins for circulation. Due to the confusion of the currency system, Chen Jintao, the finance minister of the interim government, submitted a letter to Sun Yat-sen, the president of the Republic of China, on March 11, the first year of the Republic of China, calling for 10 million yuan of commemorative silver coins for rectification. The design adopts the portrait of Sun Yat-sen, the great president, and later the general silver coin changes the pattern. Sun Yat-sen ordered the Ministry of finance to write, agreed to drum cast commemorative coins, and ordered the rest of the general silver coins to have new patterns, "in the middle, a model of five grains should be drawn, taking the meaning of the rich, the old and the people, and following the rules of urging the farmers to do business", ordered the Ministry of finance to quickly make new patterns, and ordered the mints of all provinces to drum cast according to the patterns. Soon after, the Ministry of Finance issued a new model to Jiangnan (Nanjing), Hubei, Guangdong and other mints, which was the origin of "the founding commemorative coins of Sun Yat Sen of the Republic of China".

【藏品名称】：中华民国开国纪念币壹圆

[collection name]: one yuan of commemorative coins of the founding of the Republic of China

【类别】：钱币

Class: Coins

中华民国孙像开国纪念币银元，由于铸造厂家不一，铸造年代不同，雕刻师英语水平不高，除正背面主要图案未变外，其花饰细节、英文字母均有变异，特别是英文字母差错较多。这就形成了该币的多种版别。传世较广的主要有两种：一种是五角星版式，一种是六角星版式。这枚中华民国开国纪念币壹圆，为六角星版式。正面中央镌孙中山侧面肖像，上下铸有“中华民国开国纪念币”隶书字样，“民”字出头，寓意“民主胜利”,左右为五瓣梅花各一枝，寓为“五权宪法”之意，周边有珠点、齿状装饰。背面中央为中文隶书书体“壹圆”二字，左右各辅以嘉禾图案，每枝一穗三叶，代表“三民主义”之意，珠圈上侧铸有“MEMENTO”(纪念币)字样，珠圈下侧为“BIRTH OF REPUBLIC OF CHINA”(中华民国诞生),左右上方分列六角星图案。该币铸造量较大，流通较广。

The silver dollar, the commemorative coin of the founding of Sun Xiang in the Republic of China, is not very good at English because of different foundries, different casting times, and the Engravers' English level. Except for the main patterns on the front and back, there are variations in the details of flower decorations and English letters, especially the errors in English letters. This resulted in a variety of types of the coin. There are two kinds of widely handed down: one is pentagram, the other is hexagon. This one yuan commemorative coin of the founding of the Republic of China is in hexagonal star format. In the center of the obverse, Sun Yat-sen's side portrait is engraved. The official script of "the founding of the Republic of China" is engraved on the top and bottom. The character of "people" comes out, which means "Democratic victory". There is a branch of five petaled plum blossom on the left and right, which means "five power constitution". There are beads and teeth around. In the middle of the back, there are two characters of "one circle" in Chinese clerical script, Jiahe pattern on the left and right respectively, each branch has three leaves, representing the meaning of "three people's principles". On the top side of the bead circle, there is "memento" (Commemorative Coin), on the bottom side of the bead circle, there is "birth of Republic of China", and on the top left and right, there are hexagon star patterns. The coin has a large number of mints and a wide circulation.

“开国纪念币”存世量极为稀少，尤其是品相好的更为稀缺，因此很受收藏爱好者青睐。此币保存较好，流通痕迹明显。其色泽自然，不论是文字还是图案，都显得自然细腻，深浅合适。孙中山头像更是栩栩如生，银元散发出一股王者的风范和历史沉淀的气息。值得珍藏。

"Founding commemorative coins" are rare, especially those with good taste, so they are very popular with collectors. This coin is well preserved and has obvious circulation traces. Its color is natural. No matter the characters or patterns, they are natural, delicate and appropriate in depth. Sun Yat-sen's head is even more lifelike, silver dollar exudes a king's style and the breath of historical precipitation. It's worth collecting.

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