精品推荐：清代铜镜

　　【名称】清代铜镜

【规格】直径：75.3mm

　　【类别】青铜器

　　铜镜以天地方为形，天圆在中国古代是丰满、完整、吉祥、美好、富足的象征，在汉语中团圆、圆满是祥和的词语。因此，圆形镜一直是铜镜的重要形式。方形是圆形之外中国古镜中少见的造型，大部分方形镜为正方形，也有极为罕见的长方形造型。

The bronze mirror takes the shape of heaven and place. In ancient China, Tianyuan is a symbol of fullness, integrity, auspiciousness, beauty and abundance. In Chinese, reunion and completeness are auspicious words. Therefore, the circular mirror has always been an important form of copper mirror. Square is a rare form of ancient Chinese mirror outside the circle. Most of the square mirrors are square, and there are also very rare rectangular forms.

　　铜镜是中国古代青铜艺术中的灿烂瑰宝，中国铜镜素以“装饰繁缛、制作精美”著称于世。各朝各代对铜镜艺术均有创造，或古朴、或灵巧、华丽、或素雅，制作工艺更是各有千秋。

　　Bronze mirror is a brilliant treasure in ancient Chinese bronze art. Chinese bronze mirror is famous for its "elaborate decoration and exquisite production". The bronze mirror art of each dynasty has been created, either simple, or smart, gorgeous, or simple and elegant, and the production process is different.

　　中国人的镜子情结自古就有，梦梁录里就这样描述铜镜“云想衣裳花想容，宝镜绰约映春风”是闺阁女子的情与思，《旧唐书·魏徵传》里有这么一段话“以铜为镜，正衣冠”是士大夫千年的行事准则。

The mirror complex of Chinese people has existed since ancient times. In menglianglu, it is described that the bronze mirror "the cloud wants clothes, the flowers want looks, and the precious mirror reflects the spring wind" is the feelings and thoughts of boudoir girls. There is a saying in the old Tangshu weizhengzhuan that "take copper as the mirror and dress properly" is the code of conduct of scholar officials for thousands of years.

　　铜镜，一般是含锡量较高的青铜铸造，光亮的一面为镜面，反面中央设钮以穿绦带便于手执使用。镜背素面外，大多数铸有图案和铭文，有着强烈的时代特征。

Copper mirror is usually made of bronze with high tin content. The bright side is mirror, and the center of the reverse side is equipped with buttons to wear the belt for hand holding. Most of them have patterns and inscriptions, which have strong characteristics of the times.

　　铜镜最早出现在商代，多为祭祀的礼器;在春秋战国至秦时期，一般都是王和贵族才能享用;到西汉末期，铜镜就慢慢的走向民间，是人们不可缺少的生活用具。

　　Bronze mirrors first appeared in the Shang Dynasty, most of which were sacrificial ritual vessels. From the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period to the Qin Dynasty, they were generally enjoyed by kings and nobles. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, bronze mirrors gradually went to the people, and they were indispensable tools for people's daily life.

　　古代女子出嫁时，铜镜是必不可少的嫁妆，在成婚之日，新娘要向铜镜和玉行跪拜大礼，拜镜表示求平安，拜玉表示求子(因“玉”与“育”谐音)。

When ancient women married, bronze mirror was an essential dowry. On the day of marriage, the bride had to bow down to the bronze mirror and the jade line to pray for peace, and to pray for children.

　　随着铜镜铸造技术的发展，唐代铜镜手工艺人受到波斯萨珊王朝的造型艺术影响，在铜镜制作中打破了传统的造型，出现了各式各样的花形镜，成为铜镜中的一道绚丽风景。

　　With the development of bronze mirror casting technology, the craftsmen of bronze mirror in Tang Dynasty were influenced by the plastic arts of Sassanian Dynasty in Persia. They broke the traditional mold in the production of bronze mirror, and there appeared a variety of flower shaped mirrors, which became a gorgeous landscape in the bronze mirror.

　　铜镜的纹饰也是丰富多彩，包括四神十二生肖镜、瑞兽镜、瑞兽葡萄镜花鸟镜、瑞花镜、神仙人物镜、特种工艺镜、瑞兽鸾鸟镜、盘龙镜、八卦镜、万字镜等;富丽堂皇的装饰风格，彰显着盛世的气度与荣耀，恰如唐诗中的经典名句：“人歌小岁酒，花舞大唐春”。

　　The decorative patterns of bronze mirrors are also rich and colorful, including four gods and twelve zodiac mirrors, auspicious animal mirrors, auspicious animal grape mirrors, auspicious flower mirrors, immortal figure mirrors, special craft mirrors, auspicious animal Luan bird mirrors, Panlong mirrors, eight trigrams mirrors, ten thousand characters mirrors, etc.; the magnificent decoration style shows the grandeur and glory of the prosperous times, just like the classic saying in Tang Poetry: "song of man, wine of young age, flower dance, spring of Tang Dynasty" 。

　　古代铜镜除了高超的艺术性外，还有着浓厚的神秘色彩。在古人的观念中，铜镜被普遍认为具有避邪消灾的作用。例如汉代铜镜铭文中就常见“去不祥”、“辟不祥”、“避去不祥”的辞句。

In addition to its superb artistry, ancient bronze mirrors also have a strong sense of mystery. In the ancient concept, bronze mirror is generally considered to have the function of avoiding evil and eliminating disasters. For example, in the inscriptions on bronze mirrors of the Han Dynasty, there are common phrases such as "go ominous", "avoid ominous" and "avoid ominous".

　　由于对铜镜的迷信，人们还常常用镜子来预卜吉凶，文献中称为“镜听”。“镜听”起源于何时，今天已无法得知，但从一些资料看，早在唐代以前就已非常普遍。唐代大诗人王建的《镜听词》，就是写一个贫家妇女凭“镜听”来占卜她出门在外的丈夫的归期和吉凶。

　　Because of the superstition of bronze mirror, people often use mirror to predict good and bad luck, which is called "mirror hearing" in the literature. It is impossible to know today when "mirror hearing" originated, but from some data, it was very common before Tang Dynasty. Wang Jian, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote that a poor woman used "mirror hearing" to predict her husband's return and auspiciousness.

　　古人对镜子的崇拜，在今天的一些民俗中也还有遗留，例如在我国北方的许多地区，人们常常在自家的大门上镶嵌或悬挂一面明镜，据说它可以“避邪驱鬼”。

　　The ancient people's worship of mirror is still left in some folk customs today. For example, in many areas of northern China, people often inlay or hang a mirror on their own door, which is said to be able to "ward off evil spirits and exorcise ghosts".

　　在古代，铜是普通人家遥不可及的器物，而铜镜更是有钱人家才有的珍贵器物。

　　In ancient times, copper was a distant object for ordinary people, and bronze mirror was a precious object for rich people.

　　此面铜镜铸造极为精致，包浆自然醇厚，红斑由内而生，纹饰由繁入简却又不失富丽之贵，细致生动，品相完美，实在难得。

　　This bronze mirror is extremely exquisite in casting. The coating is natural and mellow. The red spots are born from the inside. The patterns are simple but rich. It's very delicate and vivid. The quality is perfect. It's really rare.