古玩城2019精品推荐第12期：洪武通宝

洪武通宝为明代朱元璋时期发行货币，朱元璋是历代皇帝当中唯一一个出身最贫寒的乞丐皇帝。明代钱文不称元宝，因为朱元璋的名字中有“元”字，要避讳，所以自大中钱到永历钱，不论大小，都称通宝。

Hongwu Tongbao issued currency for Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty, who was the only beggar emperor from the poorest background. In Ming Dynasty, Qian Wen was not called Yuanbao, because Zhu Yuanzhang had the word "Yuan" in his name, so he wanted to avoid it, so he called Tongbao from arrogance to Yongli.

【藏品名称】：洪武通宝牧牛花钱

[collection name]: Hongwu Tongbao cattle money

【类别】：钱币

Class: Coins

洪武通宝在外形设计上依旧采用外圆内方的设计，正面为雄壮有力的“洪武通宝”四字，上面是“洪”字，下面是“武”字，左边是“寶”字，右边是“通”字。对于洪武通宝反面的款式有多样式，根据历史研究发现，一共可以分为四种类型，六十一种款式。截至到目前，一共有五十八种款式被发现。大家最为熟悉的当属小平光背的版别非常多。但这枚牧童骑牛样式，因背面是一个牧童骑牛的图案，极其稀少，亦属罕见之品。

Hongwu Tongbao still adopts the design of the outer circle and the inner side in the shape design. On the front is the four words of "Hongwu Tongbao", with the words "Hong" on the top, the words "Wu" on the bottom, the words "Bao" on the left and the words "Tong" on the right. There are many styles for the reverse side of Hongwu Tongbao. According to historical research, it can be divided into four types, sixty-one styles. So far, a total of 58 styles have been found. You are most familiar with the small flat back version is very many. But this shepherd boy riding cattle style, because the back is a shepherd boy riding cattle design, extremely rare, is also a rare product.

这枚明代洪武牧童骑牛花钱，背面牧童骑牛图，一个牧牛娃，头戴斗笠，骑在牛背之上，逍遥自在地吹着笛子，笛声悠扬悦耳，那牛儿摆动着尾巴，悠然自得，形象逼真，栩栩如生，十分有趣，令人爱不释手。

This is a picture of a herdsman riding a cow in Hongwu of Ming Dynasty. He is wearing a hat and riding on the back of a cow. He plays the flute freely. The flute is melodious and melodious. The cow swings its tail and is carefree, vivid, lifelike, very interesting and unforgettable.

为什么纪念币上会出现牧童骑牛的图案呢？这与当时的社会环境有关。《明史》载：“至正四年（1344年）旱蝗，大饥疫，太祖（即朱元璋）时年十七，父母兄相继殁，贫不克葬，里人刘继祖与之地，乃克葬……”，又载“……太祖孤无所依，乃入皇觉寺为僧。”至于朱元璋在未入寺为僧以前，是否当过放牛娃，虽无从考证。但从朱元璋的出身贫苦，生活无着，幼年替人家放过牛，也有可能。朱元璋小的时候曾放牛，之后在花钱上铸上牧童骑牛图案，正表明了皇帝也出身困苦，与百姓同心相连、同甘共苦，由此激励人民发展生产。

Why is there a picture of shepherd riding cattle on the commemorative coins? This is related to the social environment at that time. In the history of the Ming Dynasty, it is recorded that "in the fourth year of the Zhizheng period (1344), there was a drought locust and a great hunger epidemic. In the seventeen year of the Taizu period (Zhu Yuanzhang), the parents and brothers died one after another. It was impossible to bury them in poverty. Liu Jizu and his wife were buried in Naike..." , with " Emperor Taizu is a monk in Huangjue temple As for whether Zhu Yuanzhang was a cowherd before he joined the temple as a monk, there is no textual research. However, Zhu Yuanzhang was born in a poor family and had no life. It was possible to let go of his cattle when he was young. Zhu Yuanzhang used to herd cattle when he was a little boy, and later cast the pattern of shepherd boy riding cattle on the money, which shows that the emperor also came from hardship, connected with the common people and shared weal and woe, thus encouraging the people to develop production.

目前发现的洪武牧童骑牛花钱，图案并非一种，牧童形态各异，钱的大小也不尽相同，就连牧童骑牛的图案，也有平面图和立体图案两种。但总的来说，目前发现的洪武牧童骑牛花钱数量较少，值得珍藏。具有历史性和纪念性钱币，具有极高的市场价值或收藏价值。

At present, there are not one kind of patterns for Hongwu shepherd children to spend money on riding cattle. The patterns of shepherd children are different and the sizes of money are different. Even the patterns of shepherd children riding cattle have two kinds of plans and three-dimensional patterns. But generally speaking, the amount of money spent on riding cattle by Hongwu shepherd children found at present is less, which is worth collecting. It has historical and commemorative coins with high market value or collection value.

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