古玩行2020精品推荐第2期：光绪元宝北洋造库平七钱二分

光绪三十四年北洋造光绪元宝库平七钱二分银币系光绪34年(1908年)北洋银元局(旧称北洋机器局)铸行。银币正面中央珠圈内镌满汉文“光绪元宝”四个字，珠圈外上端镌汉文“北洋造”，下端镌汉文币值“库平七钱二分”，左右两端各镌一个圆点。银币背面中央镌蟠龙图，上环镌英文“光绪34年”下镌英文“北洋”，左右两端稍下侧各镌一个圆点。光绪元宝是清朝光绪年间流通的货币之一。共有十九个省局铸造，除中央户部，地方省所铸铜元。是首批引进海外技术的印发流通货币，对于现今也蕴藏了一定历史意义。

In the 34th year of Guangxu's reign, the silver coin of seven coins and two cents was made by the Beiyang silver yuan Bureau (formerly known as the Beiyang Machinery Bureau) in 1908. On the obverse of the silver coin, there are four Chinese characters "Guangxu Yuanbao" engraved in the central bead circle, on the outside of the bead circle, there are Chinese characters "made in Beiyang" engraved on the upper end, Chinese currency value "Kuping seven coins and two cents" engraved on the lower end, and a dot engraved on the left and right ends. On the back of the silver coin, there is a picture of a dragon in the center, and on the upper ring, there is an English inscription of "Guangxu 34" and on the lower side, there is a dot on the left and right ends. Guangxu Yuanbao is one of the currency in circulation during the reign of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. A total of 19 provinces and bureaus cast copper yuan, except for the central Hubu and local provinces. It is the first batch of printing and distributing currency to introduce overseas technology, which also contains certain historical significance for today.

“光绪元宝”是中国早的机制币，是中国近代机制币中的十大名誉品之一，俗称“龙洋”，因钱币背面一般铸有龙纹而得名。其具有重要的现实意义和历史意义，且加上清末、民国战乱连连等因素，一些较珍贵的光绪元宝银元品种存世量已稀少，收藏价值高。许多收藏家对它趋之若鹜，争相起价.北洋的银元发展历程映衬着中国晚清货币政策的进与退，每一次断档也刻录着一次历史的颠簸。了解造币史和造币厂的变迁过程，不仅可以理解银元的历史价值，同时也会对不同时期银元的种类、成色、龙纹特征、齿边特征等方面提高认知。

"Guangxu Yuanbao" is an early machine-made coin in China. It is one of the ten most famous machine-made coins in modern China. It is commonly known as "Longyang" because of the dragon pattern on the back of the coin. It has important practical and historical significance, and in addition to the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of war and other factors, some of the more precious Guangxu Yuanbao silver dollar varieties have been rare, high collection value. Many collectors flocked to it and scrambled for the starting price. The development of silver dollar in Beiyang reflected the advance and retreat of China's monetary policy in the late Qing Dynasty, and each break of silver dollar also recorded a historical bump. Understanding the history of coinage and the changing process of mints can not only understand the historical value of silver coins, but also improve the cognition of the types, color, dragon pattern characteristics and tooth edge characteristics of silver coins in different periods.

光绪元宝是清朝光绪年间流通的货币之一。由湖北两广总督张之洞率先引进英国铸币机器铸造银元和铜元，之后各省纷纷仿效。共有十九个省局铸造，除中央户部，地方省所铸铜元，皆在其正面上缘镌写省名。1793年首次在西藏铸行“乾隆宝藏”银币。1821年到1850年年间，台湾福建等地也曾仿制银圆，称为银饼。1890年开始正式铸造银元“光绪元宝”（即龙洋），各省纷起效尤。民国时期建立银本位货币制度以后，也以银元作为主要流通币。“光绪元宝”当时共十九个省局铸造。除中央户部，地方省所铸铜元，皆在其正面上缘镌写省名。计有：1户部；2北洋；3吉林；4奉天；5清江；6浙江；7江南；8广东；9山东；10福建；11湖南；12湖北；13四川；14江西；15河南；16安徽；17广西；18新疆；19黑龙江。

Guangxu Yuanbao is one of the currency in circulation during the reign of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei Province and Guangdong Province, took the lead in introducing the British coinage machine to cast silver and copper coins, and then the provinces followed suit. A total of 19 provinces and bureaus cast copper coins. In addition to the central household and local provinces, the names of provinces are engraved on the upper edge of the front. In 1793, silver coins of Qianlong treasure were first cast in Tibet. From 1821 to 1850, Taiwan, Fujian and other places also imitated silver yuan, called silver cake. In 1890, the silver dollar "Guangxu Yuanbao" (that is, Longyang) was formally cast, and various provinces followed suit. After the establishment of the silver standard monetary system in the period of the Republic of China, silver dollar was also used as the main currency. "Guangxu Yuanbao" was cast in 19 provinces at that time. In addition to the central household department, the copper yuan cast by the local province is engraved with the provincial name on the upper edge of its front. There are: 1 household; 2 Beiyang; 3 Jilin; 4 Fengtian; 5 Qingjiang; 6 Zhejiang; 7 Jiangnan; 8 Guangdong; 9 Shandong; 10 Fujian; 11 Hunan; 12 Hubei; 13 Sichuan; 14 Jiangxi; 15 Henan; 16 Anhui; 17 Guangxi; 18 Xinjiang; 19 Heilongjiang.

据了解，钱币收藏一般分为纸币、金银纪念币和古钱币三大类，而古钱币中银元一直是一大热点。因为银元材质珍贵，艺术价值高。北洋机器局初铸银元是在光绪十五年，面值仅“一元”一种，是天津官造的呈样银币，未流通，直至光绪二十二年，始铸流通银币。“大清光绪二十二年北洋机器局造”，面值有“一元”、“五角”、“两角”、“一角”、“半角”五种。是中国套以元为单位的计值银币。公元1903年7月，提出银币专由造币总厂制造，保留南洋（江南）、北洋、广东、湖北四局为分厂。银币材质珍贵，艺术价值高，由贵重金属或白银合金铸造，制作精美，图案考究，文字清秀，内容丰富，银光灿烂，其貌可人。

It is understood that the collection of coins is generally divided into paper money, gold and silver commemorative coins and ancient coins, and silver dollar in ancient coins has always been a hot spot. Because silver is precious in material and high in artistic value. In the 15th year of Guangxu, Beiyang Machinery Bureau first coined silver coins with a face value of only one yuan. It was a sample silver coin made by Tianjin government, which was not in circulation until the 22nd year of Guangxu. "It was built by Beiyang Machinery Bureau in the 22nd year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty", with five denominations of "one yuan", "five jiao", "two jiao", "one jiao" and "half angle". It is a set of Chinese silver coins with unit of yuan. In July 1903, it was proposed that silver coins should be made exclusively by the general mint, with Nanyang (Jiangnan), Beiyang, Guangdong and Hubei bureaus as branches. Silver coins are precious in material and high in artistic value. They are made of precious metals or silver alloys. They are exquisitely made, well-designed, elegant in writing, rich in content, brilliant in silver and attractive in appearance.

此枚北洋造光绪元宝为34年版。银币正面中央珠圈内镌满汉文“光绪元宝”四字，珠圈外上端镌汉文“北洋造”，下端镌币值“库平七钱二分”，左右两端各镌一个圆点。银币背面中央镌蟠龙图，上环镌英文“光绪34年”，下镌英文“北洋”，左右两端稍下侧各镌一个圆点。此北洋造光绪元宝保存完好，包浆自然，做工精致，品相上乘。文字鼓凸，笔划纹饰滚圆深竣，楷书文字书法极为端庄大气，间架结构平衡舒展。蟠龙图案，眼神灵异炯炯有神，龙鳞排列细密有致且珍珠纹粒粒无虚无粘，龙爪张扬，遒劲有力。边齿标准，圈齿凸起，颗粒清晰，地章平整，光滑如板。

This northern ocean made Guangxu Yuanbao is 34 years old. On the front side of the silver coin, the central bead circle is engraved with four characters of "Guangxu Yuanbao" in Chinese. On the outside of the bead circle, the upper end of the bead circle is engraved with the Chinese character "made in Beiyang", the lower end is engraved with the currency value "Kuping seven coins and two cents", and the left and right ends are respectively engraved with a dot. On the back of the silver coin, there is a picture of a dragon in the middle. On the upper ring, there is an English inscription of "year 34 of Guangxu" and on the lower ring, there is an English inscription of "Beiyang". On the left and right ends, there is a dot on the lower side. This Beiyang made Guangxu Yuanbao is well preserved, with natural wrapping, exquisite workmanship and superior quality. The characters are bulging, the strokes are round and deep, the regular script characters and calligraphy are very dignified, and the structure of the shelves is balanced and stretched. The dragon pattern, the eyes are vivid and bright, the Dragon scales are arranged in a fine and dense manner, and the Pearl grains are free of nothingness and stickiness, and the Dragon claws are bold and powerful. The edge teeth are standard, the ring teeth are convex, the particles are clear, the ground seal is flat and smooth as a plate.

藏品的品相精美，其审美个性独持，钱币正面鲜然可见满汉文化的交融，而钱背却清晰标明了西方文化的介入。其包浆入骨，熟旧天然，深打字口明白，流转痕迹显着，边齿过关，龙鳞清晰，具有极高的出资价值和保藏价值。它有着前史熏陶，是价值很高的革新文物，具有深远的前史留念含义；同时仍是考古和研讨我国前史文化可贵的什物.光绪元宝是清代光绪年间特有的一种钱银。有着清朝钱银特征，因为其时时局不稳定，因而几乎在全国的各个省都有专门的钱银锻造厂。因而我们会发现那个时代的钱银上都有明显的铸字，标明是哪个省的造币厂锻造的。

The collection is exquisite in appearance, with its unique aesthetic personality. The integration of Manchu and Han culture can be seen in the front of coins, while the intervention of western culture is clearly indicated in the back of money. It has the advantages of deep typing, obvious circulation trace, clear dragon scales, high investment value and preservation value. It has the influence of prehistory, is a high value of innovation cultural relics, has a profound meaning of prehistory remembrance; at the same time, it is also a valuable thing for Archaeology and research of Chinese Prehistory and culture. Guangxu Yuanbao is a kind of money and silver unique in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. It has the characteristics of money and silver in Qing Dynasty. Because of its unstable situation, there are special money and silver forging factories in almost every province of the country. Therefore, we will find that the coins and silver of that era have obvious characters, indicating which province's Mint forged them.

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