古玩行2020精品推荐第3期：哥釉青花人物纹尺瓶

清乾隆(公元1736—1795年，清高宗爱新觉罗·弘历年号)一朝六十年，是清代封建社会发展的鼎盛时期，瓷器生产取得了空前的繁荣，青花瓷也达到了登峰造极的程度。《古铜器考》一书称赞当时的制瓷业是“有陶以来，未有今日之美备”。制瓷业集我国历朝名窑之大成，制做了许多精巧无比的瓷器，不仅官窑成就显著，民营窑场也兴旺发达。此时，景德镇御窑厂规模庞大，在督陶官的管理下，每年烧造各种瓷器都在数十万以上，送入宫中，烧出的瓷器无论是工艺技巧还是装饰艺术都已达到了炉火纯青，出神入化的地步。清代许之衡在《饮流斋说瓷》中形容当时瓷器“至乾隆，精巧之至，几于鬼斧神工”。

Qing Ganlong (1736-1795 A.D., Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty's Aisin Gioro Hung Li Year) was the heyday of feudal society in Qing Dynasty for 60 years. Porcelain production achieved unprecedented prosperity and blue and white porcelain reached its peak. The book "An Examination of Ancient Bronze Wares" praised the porcelain making industry at that time as "since there was pottery, there is no such thing as today's beauty". Porcelain-making industry combines the achievements of famous kilns in China's dynasties and makes many exquisite porcelains. Not only do official kilns have made remarkable achievements, but also private kilns are flourishing. At this time, Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory has a huge scale. Under the supervision of the pottery inspector, every year, over hundreds of thousands of different kinds of porcelain are fired and sent to the palace. The fired porcelain has reached a state of perfection in both technical skills and decorative arts. In the Qing Dynasty, Xu Zhiheng described the porcelain of that time in "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" as "extremely dry and exquisite, almost as skilled as a crafty craftsman".

哥釉器，亦名碎釉瓷，始于宋代，是宋代五大名窑之一，但宋代哥釉传世极少。哥釉瓷有一个重要的特征是釉面开片，这是瓷器釉面的一种自然开裂现象。明代时期，景德镇成功烧制哥釉器。从永宣至成化，哥釉瓷已经达到了尽善尽美的程度，尤以成化仿哥釉瓷瓶、斗笠碗、炉等为主流，釉层莹润，光泽内敛，也成功烧出了金钩铁线。目前，成化仿哥釉瓷已经难觅踪影。明晚期至清乾隆，哥釉瓷再一次达到顶峰。其细碎的纹片，肥厚的釉层成为当时瓷器争相效仿的宠儿。

Ge glaze ware, also known as broken glaze porcelain, started in the Song Dynasty and is one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, but there are few Ge glazes handed down from ancient times. An important feature of Ge glaze porcelain is that the glaze is split, which is a natural cracking phenomenon of porcelain glaze. During the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen successfully fired the Ge glaze ware. From Yongxuan to Chenghua, Ge glaze porcelain has reached a perfect level, especially Chenghua imitation Ge glaze porcelain bottles, hat bowls, stoves, etc. as the mainstream, the glaze layer is jade-like and the luster is restrained, and the gold hook iron wire has been successfully fired. At present, Chenghua imitation Ge glaze porcelain is hard to find. From the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Ge glaze porcelain reached its peak again. Its fine grain and thick glaze became the favorite of porcelain at that time.

哥釉青花瓷又称“碎纹素地青花”、“纹片釉青花”，是集纹片釉与青花工艺为一体的瓷彩。特点是青花彩瓷上罩以纹片釉，由于碎片纹很象哥窑釉的开片，故名“哥釉青花”。明宣德时期御窑厂仿烧哥釉瓷器时，底部用青花书写款识，可谓此品种的始创。哥釉器青花纹饰一经推出，一时成为备受追捧的“香饽饽”。晚明至清代的哥釉青花被景德镇大窑、名窑纷纷仿制。在众多窑址中，一些为官烧制的青花瓷为与民间款以示不同，题“官”字以示区别，字体采用宋代常见的款识，也有些用浅刻纹，因此普遍出现小器大开片、大器小开片的哥釉瓷现象。

Ge glaze blue-and-white porcelain, also known as "ground blue-and-white with broken grain" and "blue-and-white with grain glaze", is a porcelain color integrating grain glaze and blue-and-white technology. It is characterized in that the blue-and-white colored porcelain is covered with grain glaze. Because the grain of the grain is very similar to that of the Ge kiln glaze, it is called "Ge glaze blue-and-white". During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, when the imperial kiln factory imitated the firing of Ge glaze porcelain, the bottom of the porcelain was inscribed with blue and white, which can be described as the origin of this kind of porcelain. Once the blue-and-white decoration of the Ge glaze device was introduced, it became a popular "hot cake". From late Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, blue-and-white glazed cabbies were imitated by Jingdezhen kilns and famous kilns. Among the many kiln sites, some blue and white porcelain fired by officials are different from the folk ones, and the title "official" is used to show the difference. The fonts are common in Song Dynasty and some are carved in shallow lines. Therefore, the phenomenon of large pieces of glazed porcelain with small pieces and large pieces with large pieces is common.

哥釉青花人物纹尺瓶是在玉质般的哥釉上面描绘鲜艳、明亮的青花，使古典的青花与开片纹相得益彰，互为衬托，极为美观。瓶直口，短颈，溜肩，肩下渐收至底，底座采用瓶身红木嵌入制作描金勾勒，足见当时制作者和拥有者的珍爱程度。圈足。整体造型线条优美，比例协调，恰如其分。器身施哥釉为地，釉面布满细哥窑器式碎小开片，其上通体青花描绘人物纹，图案用笔流畅洒脱，釉面肥润细腻，温润如玉，瓶身呈灰白色，青花嵌入其中点缀，蓝白色泽相衬，简洁而不失优雅。整器包浆润泽，高贵气质无与伦比。哥釉青花瓷的魅力犹于在一片渴望滋润的土地上神灵般地降临了万物生灵。这或许寄托了古代陶瓷艺人向往天地人和、祈福大地的意识。正是这古老而朴素的艺术表现让哥釉青花瓷具备了独特的魅力，也烙印了一个古老而独特的瓷器符号!一如此件哥釉青花人物纹尺瓶，珍稀罕见。

The Ge glaze blue-and-white figure pattern ruler bottle depicts bright blue-and-white on the jade-like Ge glaze, making the classical blue-and-white and the split pattern complement each other and set off each other, which is extremely beautiful. The bottle has a straight mouth, a short neck, a slip shoulder, and the bottom of the shoulder is gradually closed to the bottom. The base is made of mahogany embedded in the bottle body to draw a gold outline, which shows how much the makers and owners cherished it at that time. Circle your feet. The overall shape is graceful and the proportion is harmonious and appropriate. The body is covered with Ge glaze. The glaze is covered with small pieces of fine Ge kiln ware. The whole body of the piece is blue and white. The pattern is smooth and free and easy with a pen. The glaze is plump and delicate. The body is warm and jade-like. The bottle is gray and white. Blue and white are embedded in the piece. The blue and white are matched with each other. It is simple and elegant. The whole package is moist and has incomparable noble temperament. The charm of Ge glaze blue and white porcelain still descends on all creatures like gods in a land eager to moisten. This may be the embodiment of the ancient ceramic artists' consciousness of yearning for heaven and earth, people and praying for the earth. It is this ancient and simple artistic expression that gives Ge-glazed blue and white porcelain its unique charm and brand an ancient and unique porcelain symbol! Such a blue-and-white figure pattern ruler bottle with Ge glaze is rare.

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