古玩城2020精品推荐第五期：荷叶罐

荷叶盖罐，被称之为中国瓷器中的三大国宝之一，高31．3厘米、宽23．8厘米、腹径达1米，是南宋龙泉窑青瓷中最大的一件瓷器，也是宋瓷中唯一一件荷叶形盖罐，全球仅此一件。保守估计，该罐价值至少在5千万元以上。在遂宁金鱼村发掘出的村发掘出的大批珍贵宋瓷从何而来？至今仍是一个大大的谜。

Lotus leaf jar, known as one of the three national treasures of Chinese porcelain, is 31.3 cm high, 23.8 cm wide and 1 m wide. It is the largest celadon in Longquan kiln of Southern Song Dynasty and the only lotus leaf shaped jar in Song Dynasty, which is the only one in the world. It is estimated conservatively that the tank is worth at least 50 million yuan. Where did a large number of precious song porcelain come from? It is still a big mystery.

继宋之后，荷叶盖罐元、明两朝均有烧造，它优美的造型成为中国古代陶瓷百花园中一朵美丽的花朵，深受人们喜爱。

After Song Dynasty, lotus leaf jar was fired in Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. Its beautiful shape became a beautiful flower in Chinese ancient ceramic garden, which was loved by people.

荷叶盖罐多见于元代龙泉窑瓷器。盖作荷叶形，盖沿荷叶边曲线起伏平缓，纽较低。明宣德时，盖沿起伏较大，盖纽隆起。

Lotus leaf jar is often seen in Longquan kiln porcelain of Yuan Dynasty. The cover is in the shape of a lotus leaf, and its fluctuation along the curve of the lotus leaf edge is gentle and the button is low. During the reign of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, the Gaiyan was undulating and the gainiu was uplifted.

荷叶形盖罐因罐口覆有荷叶形盖而得名。从现有考古资料来看，荷叶形盖罐主要有银器、瓷器两大类。银制荷叶形盖罐最早见于唐代。如镇江市丁卯桥唐代窖藏出土了一件银质荷叶形罐盖，盖呈卷边荷叶形，写实风格较强，荷叶的蒂、茎、叶脉都一一表现，錾刻工艺精细，线条流畅细密。

The lotus leaf shaped jar is named after its mouth is covered with a lotus leaf shaped cover. According to the existing archaeological data, the lotus leaf shaped jar can be divided into two categories: silver and porcelain. Silver lotus leaf shaped jar was first seen in Tang Dynasty. For example, a silver lotus leaf jar cover was unearthed from the Tang Dynasty hoard in Dingmao bridge, Zhenjiang city. The lid is in the shape of a curled lotus leaf. The realistic style is strong. The lotus leaf's pedicle, stem and vein are all expressed one by one. The carving process is fine and the lines are smooth and dense.

荷叶形盖罐有专家考证认为是酒具，兼具储器和盛器功能。如浙江义乌柳青乡一宋代窖藏出土錾刻人物故事图银片，其中1件錾刻“毕卓醉酒”故事，画面中除人物外，还有经瓶和荷叶形盖罐，作为酒器之用显无疑似。

The lotus leaf shaped jar is considered as a wine set by experts, which has the functions of storage and container. For example, a silver plate with carved character story pictures was unearthed from a Song Dynasty hoard in Liuqing Township, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province. Among them, one carved the story of "Bizhuo drunk". In addition to the characters, there are also Sutra bottles and lotus leaf covered jars, which are not suspected to be used as wine utensils.

明代龙泉窑瓷器的胎质比宋代的要略粗厚，但仍很坚致，白中闪灰，施釉厚，釉面不如南宋时润泽，但很光亮，有很强的玻璃质感，呈黄绿色或葱绿色。元代龙泉瓷器最大的特点是器型很大，胎体厚重。器物荷叶盖罐是明代龙泉窑创新器型，这件荷叶罐高30厘米，直经35厘米，品像完美，老旧宝光自然，把元龙泉重装饰的艺术风格表现得淋漓尽致。Longquan kiln porcelain in Ming Dynasty has a slightly thicker body than that of Song Dynasty, but it is still firm. The glaze is not as smooth as that of Southern Song Dynasty, but it is very bright. It has a strong glass texture and is yellow green or scallion green. The biggest characteristic of Longquan porcelain in Yuan Dynasty is its large shape and heavy body. The lotus leaf jar is an innovation of Longquan kiln in the Ming Dynasty. The lotus leaf jar is 30 cm high and 35 cm straight. It has a perfect image and is old and natural. It shows the artistic style of Yuan Longquan's heavy decoration.

据查证，龙泉窑的瓷业生产中心分布在浙江南部的龙泉县。南宋叶在《坦斋笔衡》中记载“江南则处州龙泉县窑，质颇粗厚”。龙泉窑自宋代创烧以来历经元、明、清制瓷，历史长达800余年。

According to investigation, the porcelain production center of Longquan kiln is located in Longquan County, southern Zhejiang Province. The Southern Song Dynasty Ye recorded in "tanzhaibiheng" that "the kiln in Longquan County, Chuzhou, Jiangnan is rather thick". Longquan kiln has been making porcelain in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties since Song Dynasty, with a history of more than 800 years.

元代龙泉瓷器在元灭宋以后，由于南方的经济基本上没有受到破坏，为当时龙泉窑生产的持续发展提供了基本条件。加上水路交通发达，海外贸易增加运输便利，加速促进了龙泉窑的生产和发展，建立了许多窑场，温州地区就有文成、永嘉、泰顺、苍南等地。丽水地区有晋云、庆元、云和、遂昌等地，此时产品丰富多彩、品种繁多，特别是在露胎装饰技法上的独特创新，突破了单一色釉彩的装饰，成为龙泉窑发展历史上的一个全盛的创新时期。元代瓷器最大特征是胎釉二元配方，使整个龙泉窑的生产形成了较为统一的标准。

After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, the economy of the South was basically not damaged, which provided the basic conditions for the sustainable development of Longquan kiln production at that time. In addition, the developed waterway transportation, increased overseas trade and convenient transportation have accelerated the production and development of Longquan kiln, and many kilns have been established. In Wenzhou, there are Wencheng, Yongjia, Taishun, Cangnan and other places. Lishui area has Jinyun, Qingyuan, Yunhe, Suichang and other places. At this time, the products are rich and colorful, and there are many varieties. Especially, the unique innovation in the decoration techniques of exposed tire breaks through the decoration of single color glaze, and becomes a prosperous innovation period in the development history of Longquan kiln. The biggest feature of Yuan Dynasty porcelain is the binary formula of body glaze, which makes the production of Longquan kiln form a relatively unified standard.

它的一切器物造型雄浑敦厚，气势博大，在同一种形制中有大小不同的规格。使元代的龙泉窑成为在中国青瓷史上，从烧瓷的工艺到装饰手法，从器物的品种到器物的类型，以及纹饰、题材等方面形成了一个比较成熟的时期，从而把浙江的青瓷制造业推向了一个新的高峰。由于元代龙泉窑的产品吸取了国内外多元文化的因素，所以形成了独特的时代风格，荷叶盖罐就是其中之一。

All of its utensils are vigorous and generous in shape and have different sizes in the same shape. The Longquan kiln of Yuan Dynasty became a relatively mature period in the history of celadon in China, from the craft of firing porcelain to the decoration technique, from the variety of utensils to the types of utensils, as well as the patterns and themes, etc., thus pushing the celadon manufacturing industry in Zhejiang to a new peak. Because the products of Longquan kiln in Yuan Dynasty absorbed the multi-cultural factors at home and abroad, it formed a unique style of the times. Lotus leaf jar is one of them.

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