特别推荐第八期：元青花人物兽耳大罐

元青花瓷(又称元青花)，即元代生产的青花瓷器。青花瓷生产于唐代，兴盛于元代。成熟的青花瓷出现在元代的景德镇，纹饰最大特点是构图丰满，层次多而不乱。元青花瓷大改传统瓷器含蓄内敛风格，以鲜明的视觉效果，给人以简明的快感。以其大气豪迈气概和艺术原创精神，将青花绘画艺术推向顶峰，确立了后世青花瓷的繁荣与长久不衰。

Yuan blue and white porcelain (also known as Yuan blue and white), namely the blue and white porcelain produced in the Yuan Dynasty. Blue and white porcelain was produced in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Yuan Dynasty. Mature blue and white porcelain appeared in Jingdezhen of the Yuan Dynasty. The most important feature of the patterns is that the composition is full and the layers are not disordered. The blue and white porcelain of Yuan Dynasty changed from traditional porcelain to implicit and restrained style, which gave people a concise pleasure with distinct visual effect. With its heroic spirit and original spirit of art, blue and white painting art has been pushed to the peak, which has established the prosperity and long-term prosperity of blue and white porcelain in later generations.

元代 景德镇 瓶、罐之类器型，采用分段制胎，然后再用胎泥粘合而成，粘接处器表往往突起，给人以不平之感，外壁接痕经打磨，但内壁接痕仍清晰可见，器物颈部内侧略加切削，内壁均不修削，所以在器里的底、腹、口等处胎体接痕表现明显。一般器物的足边不规整，有弯曲现象，说明元代制胎时不讲究修坯，因此显得成型工艺较粗糙。但小型器物也有精致者，胎质显得洁白细腻。削足处理方法常见底足足端外墙斜削一刀，大器足底宽厚多为挖足，挖足有深有浅。器物圈足不十分整齐，呈弯曲状。器底可见螺旋状的切削痕，大瓶、大罐的底部。旋削纹较粗、较疏，盘和碗的切削痕较细、较密。底部和圈足内外粘有窑砂，有些已熔入釉中。高足杯的高足与杯身以泥浆拼接，交接处可以看见黄色或浆色挤压泥浆，杯把足端的圈足厚薄不一。子扣套合结构的盖，采用子扣与器盖先成型后粘接工艺，盖上能清晰地看见接痕。碗的底部胎体较厚重，足内露胎，中心微微突起，俗称"脐"状，实为拉坯痕迹。瓶、罐等大型器物底部中心处常见一内凹的圆点，在烧制大器时，为防止塌底，需在底部中心或稍偏处放一个用耐火土做成的圆饼或圆圈作支点，圆点就是由此形成的。大罐底部多为宽圈足，不规整，有的底中心有较浅的螺纹痕迹。

In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen bottles and jars were made of segmented tires, and then bonded with tire mud. The surface of the bonding part was often protruding, giving a sense of unevenness. The outer wall joint mark was polished, but the inner wall was still visible. The inner side of the neck was slightly cut, and the inner wall was not trimmed. Therefore, the traces on the bottom, abdomen and mouth of the utensils were obvious. The foot edge of general utensils is irregular and has bending phenomenon, which shows that the tire making in Yuan Dynasty did not pay attention to trimming, so the molding process was rough. However, there are also delicate small objects, with white and delicate texture. The most common way to cut the foot is to cut the outer wall of the foot end with one knife. The width and thickness of the sole of the large vessel is to dig the foot, and the digging foot is deep or shallow. The circle feet of utensils were not very neat and curved. Spiral cutting marks can be seen at the bottom of the vessel and the bottom of large bottles and cans. The rotary cutting lines are coarse and sparse, and the cutting marks of plates and bowls are fine and dense. There are kiln sand on the inside and outside of the bottom and ring feet, some of which have been melted into the glaze. The high foot of the Gaozu cup and the cup body are spliced with mud. The yellow or slurry color squeezing mud can be seen at the junction, and the thickness of the circle foot at the foot end of the cup is different. For the cover of the sub button sleeve structure, the process of forming the sub buckle and the cover before bonding is adopted, and the connection mark can be clearly seen on the cover. At the bottom of the bowl, the carcass is thick, the fetus is exposed in the foot, and the center is slightly protruding, commonly known as "navel", which is actually a drawing trace. There is a concave dot in the center of the bottom of large utensils such as bottles and jars. In order to prevent the bottom from collapsing, it is necessary to place a round cake or circle made of refractory soil as the fulcrum in the center of the bottom or slightly deviated place when firing the large utensils. The bottom of large tanks is mostly wide and irregular, and some bottom centers have shallow thread marks.

此元青花人物兽耳大罐，雄壮隽秀。麻仓土，苏麻沥青料。五层工艺，青花下沉，着笔神来，一气呵成。兽耳工艺绝妙。底部火石红和一线红，涂护胎汁。为四接五叚而成，器部外现接胎线。是元至正时的官窑，皇家及大官贵人的摆件或礼器，珍品之至。

The blue and white figures of the Yuan Dynasty are big pots with animal ears, which are majestic and meaningful. Hemp soil, Suma asphalt. Five layer craft, blue and white sink, pen God to, in one go. The technology of animal ear is excellent. The bottom is made of flint and a line of red, and coated with body care juice. It is made of four connected five pieces, and the tire line is connected outside the device. It is the official kiln of the Yuan Dynasty, the ornaments or ritual utensils of the royal family and the dignitaries.

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