古玩城2020精品推荐第七期：春秋战国青铜方豆

最早的青铜器出现于6000年前的古巴比伦两河流域。苏美尔文明时期雕有狮子形象的大型铜刀是早期青铜器的代表。

The earliest bronzes appeared 6000 years ago in the two rivers of Babylon in Cuba. Large bronze knives carved with lion images in Sumerian civilization are the representatives of early bronzes.

在中国，距今5000-4000年，相当于尧舜禹传说时代。古文献上纪载当时人们已开始冶铸青铜器。黄河、长江中下游地区的龙山时代遗址里，经考古发掘，在几十处遗址里发现了青铜器制品。春秋晚期至战国，由于铁器的推广使用，铜制工具越来越少。秦汉时期，随着陶器和漆器进入日常生活，铜制容器品种减少，装饰简单，多为素面，胎体也更为轻薄。中国古代铜器，是我们的祖先对人类物质文明的巨大贡献，虽然从考古资料来看，中国铜器的出现，晚于世界上其他一些地方，但是就铜器的使用规模、铸造工艺、造型艺术及品。

In China, it is 5000-4000 years ago, which is equivalent to the legendary era of Yao Shunyu. Ancient documents recorded that people had started smelting and casting bronzes at that time. Bronze ware products have been found in dozens of sites in Longshan period in the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River and Yangtze River through archaeological excavations. From the late Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, due to the popularization and use of iron tools, there were fewer and fewer copper tools. In Qin and Han Dynasties, with pottery and lacquerware coming into daily life, the variety of copper containers decreased, the decoration was simple, most of them were plain, and the carcass was thinner. Ancient Chinese bronze ware is a great contribution made by our ancestors to human material civilization. Although according to archaeological data, Chinese bronze ware appeared later than other places in the world, its use scale, casting technology, plastic arts and products were discussed.

世界上没有一个地方的铜器可以与中国古代铜器相比拟。这也是中国古代铜器在世界艺术史上占有独特地位并引起普遍重视的原因之一。青铜器的颜色真正做出来的时候是很漂亮的，是黄金般的土黄色，因为埋在土里生锈才一点一点变成绿色的。由于青铜器完全是由手工制造所以没有任何两件是一模一样的，每一件都是独一无二、举世无双的。

There is no place in the world where bronzes can be compared with ancient Chinese bronzes. This is one of the reasons why ancient Chinese bronzes occupy a unique position in the history of world art and attract widespread attention. When the color of bronze ware was really made, it was very beautiful, it was golden khaki, and it turned green little by little because it was buried in the soil and rusted. Since bronzes are made entirely by hand, no two pieces are identical, and each piece is unique and unique in the world.

随着原始社会的发展，鼎由最初的烧煮食物的炊具逐步演变为一种礼器，成为权利与财富的象征。鼎的多少，反映了地位的高低；鼎的轻重，标志着权力的大小。在商周时期，中国的青铜器形成了独特的造型系列：容器、乐器、兵器、车马器，等等。青铜器上布满了饕餮纹，夔纹或人形与兽面结合的纹饰，形成神灵的图纹，反映了人类从原始的愚昧状态向文明的一种过渡。

With the development of primitive society, Ding evolved from the original cooking utensils to a kind of ritual vessels, and became a symbol of rights and wealth. The number of Ding reflects the level of status; The weight of Ding marks the size of power. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Chinese bronzes formed a unique series of shapes: containers, musical instruments, weapons, chariots and horses, and so on. Bronze ware is covered with gluttonous patterns, Kui Wen or the decorative pattern of human figure combined with animal face, forming the pattern of gods, which reflects a transition from primitive ignorance to civilization.

此件春秋战国青铜方豆，礼器，高二十一公分，口径十一公分，重一点八公斤，豆盘呈口大底小的方斗形，豆盖造型与盘相同但是可倒过来使用，所以考古原称之为"覆斗形"，两相扣合，成为一个方中带圆，方圆相柔的封闭箱。豆盘之下，是柱形矮柄，柄下是圆形覆盆式足。

This bronze square bean in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, a ritual vessel, has a height of 21 cm, a diameter of 11 cm and a weight of 1.8 kg. The bean plate has a square bucket shape with a big mouth and a small bottom. The shape of the bean cover is the same as that of the plate, but it can be used upside down. Therefore, it was originally called "over bucket shape" in archaeology, and the two sides are buckled together to become a closed box with a circle in the square and a soft Fiona Fang. Under the bean plate, there is a short cylindrical handle, and under the handle is a round basin-covering foot.

古玩业界普遍认为，高端青铜器多数集中于欧美，国内市场上的青铜器藏品以中低档居多。不过目前高端青铜器开始向内地市场云集，“今后精品青铜器会越来越少，因为藏家多了，交易量大了。精品进入收藏领域就藏而不漏了。资源越来越少，而需求量却越来越大，这就形成了一个巨大的买方市场，价格上涨是必然的。青铜器品种的稀缺性决定了它未来的涨幅，尤其要关注高古藏品。”

The antique industry generally believes that most of the high-end bronzes are concentrated in Europe and America, and the bronze collections in the domestic market are mostly middle and low. However, at present, high-end bronzes are beginning to gather in the mainland market. "There will be fewer and fewer fine bronzes in the future, because there are more collectors and the transaction volume is large. Fine products are hidden when they enter the collection field. There are fewer and fewer resources, but the demand is getting bigger and bigger, which forms a huge buyer's market, and the price increase is inevitable. The scarcity of bronze ware varieties determines its future increase, especially paying attention to Gaogu collections. "

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