重点推荐 咸丰重宝当百

清代咸丰时，由于太平军兴，外国列强势力入侵欺侮日深，使清政府危机四起，财政枯竭。为筹军饷，充国库，清廷除铸造咸丰小平钱外，还实行了大钱政策。咸丰三年（公元1853年），首先从户部宝泉、工部宝源、福建宝福三局开铸咸丰大钱。据《光绪顺天府志》载：“咸丰三年，军旅数起，饷需支绌，东南道路梗阻，滇铜不至，刑部尚书周祖培、大理寺卿恒春、御史蔡绍洛先后条陈钱法，请改铸大钱以充库支。下其议于户部，时寿阳祁嶲藻权尚书，力赞成之。”同年六月十八日，《署闽浙总督王懿德折——报告福建开铸大钱》曰：“臣督同司道再四熟筹，惟有仿照成法，从权办理，于局内添设两炉，鼓铸以一当十、一当二十、一当五十、一当一百各项大钱，与原设各炉鼓铸时钱，相间行用。”于是，全国各省先后有28局开铸咸丰大钱。咸丰帝在位时间虽短，仅十一年（公元1851—1861年），但铸造的咸丰钱币种类特别繁多，版式也特别纷杂。近年入录华光普《中国古钱目录》的咸丰通宝（以小平为主）和咸丰元宝各达200种以上，咸丰重宝则多达500多种；而入录马定祥《咸丰泉汇》的咸丰钱币种类甚至多达数千种。致使当时出现恶性通货膨胀，这在世界钱币史上也是极为少见的现象。在众多繁杂的咸丰大钱中，粗劣者甚多，但精品亦不少，而且其母钱、样钱也多于其他历代各朝，故受后世集藏家厚爱。

During the Xianfeng period in the Qing Dynasty, due to the Taiping army, the powers of foreign powers invaded the deception, and the Qing government was in crisis and the finances were exhausted. In order to raise funds and fill the national treasury, the Qing court also implemented a big money policy in addition to casting Xianfeng Xiaoping. In the three years of Xianfeng (AD 1853), first of all, the Xianfeng Big Money was opened from the Baoquan of the Ministry of Housing, the Baoyuan of the Ministry of Industry, and the Baofu Bureau of Fujian. According to "Guangxu Shuntian Fuzhi" contains: "Xianfeng three years, the number of military troops, the need for support, the southeast road obstruction, the copper is not, the criminal department Shangshu Zhou Zupei, Dali Siqing Hengchun, Yushi Cai Shaoluo successive Chen Qianfa Please change the big money to fill the account. Under the discussion of the Ministry of Housing, the time of the Shouyang right, the book is in favor.” On June 18th, the same year,"The Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang Province, Wang Yide's Folding - Reporting Fujian's Opening of the Big Money": "The governor and the priest are re-cooked, but only in accordance with the law, from the right to handle, add two furnaces in the bureau, drumming in one, ten, one Twenty, one when fifty, one hundred and one hundred big money, and the original set of drums when casting money, and use it together." So, the provinces have 28 bureaus to open and cast Xianfeng big money. Although the time of the reign of Emperor Xianfeng was short, only 11 years (1851-1861 AD), but the variety of minted coins was particularly varied, and the layout was also very complicated. In recent years, Xianfeng Tongbao (mainly based on Xiaoping) and Xianfeng Yuanbao have entered more than 200 kinds of Huaguangpu's "Chinese Ancient Money Catalogue", and there are more than 500 kinds of Xianfeng heavy treasures; and Xianfeng, who was admitted to Ma Dingxiang's "Xianfeng Quanhui" There are even thousands of coins. This led to hyperinflation at the time, which is also extremely rare in the history of world coins. Among the many complicated Xianfeng big money, there are many poor people, but there are many fine products, and their mother money and sample money are more than other generations, so they are loved by collectors in the later generations.

在咸丰大钱中，当以福建宝福局铸造的最为典型。一是福建咸丰大钱设计品类最为奇特。分通宝、重宝两大类型。福建咸丰通宝背有满文纪局、汉文纪值等；纪值又分当一十、当二十、当五十、当一百。咸丰重宝背有满文纪局、汉文纪值、汉文纪重；纪值又分当一十、当二十、当五十、当一百；纪重又分计重五钱、计重一两、计重二两五钱、计重五两；纪重钱又分缘计重和肉计重两个系列。福建宝福局缘计重钱币是中国历代古钱币中绝无仅有的奇特品种，宝福局肉计重钱也颇具特色。福建咸丰重宝缘计重“二两五钱”大钱，钱面文为“咸丰重宝”四个字，钱背内廓由右往左直读满文“宝福”二字和由上往下直读汉文“五十”二字；钱背外廊为由左往右、由上往下直读汉文“二两五钱”四字。钱文均为楷体，用笔雄劲挺秀，风度超逸，有初唐楷书风格；钱币铸作精工，钱穿边缘和外廓边缘一般呈单面钭坡；币质以青铜、紫铜为主，偶见黄铜者乃后铸。该品存世量不多。二是福建咸丰大钱较全国其他各局铸的更厚重。因铜材缺乏及成本等原因，工、户部及其他各省诸局所铸大钱多有减重，但“福建素称瘠区”，却一般不减重，故朝廷称赞福建铸大钱“有成效”。咸丰四年（公元1854年）三月初三日，闽浙总督王懿德奏曰：“闽省大钱行之已久，未便照部仪减重。”福建咸丰通宝背满文纪局“宝福”、汉文纪值“一百”大钱，分大、中、小型等；钱文为楷书，笔划流畅挺秀，书法精湛绝伦；钱币形体厚重，钱穿边缘和外廓边缘一般呈单面钭坡，钱径6.2~ 7.2厘米，大型特厚重者多达312.5克，它的重量甚至超过了其他各局当五百、当千的钱币，传闻是中国古代流通币中最厚重的品种。该品较为珍稀。三是福建咸丰大钱大多铜质优良，以青铜、紫铜为主，偶有黄铜者，铸工精湛，钱文多出自善书者或名家之手，其楷书或娟美隽秀，或雄劲苍逸，可谓争奇斗妍，琳琅满目，深为泉界的重视和青睐。马定祥在其主编的《咸丰泉汇》中所言：“背满文宝福、上下纪值、钱肉纪重之重宝钱，今见有一十．计重五钱、二十．计重一两、五十．二两五钱、一百．计重五两共四种，均不多见，尤以五十、一百更珍稀。”咸丰大钱为中国古钱币发展历史写下了既辉煌又丰富的一页，也为后人收藏和研究古泉文化留下了珍贵的实物。

In the big money of Xianfeng, it is most typical when it is cast by Fujian Baofu Bureau. First, Fujian Xianfeng big money design category is the most peculiar. There are two major types of Tongbao and Baobao. Fujian Xianfeng Tongbao back has a Manchurian Bureau, the Chinese text, etc.; the value of the count is divided into ten, when twenty, when fifty, when one hundred. Xianfeng Zhongbao has a Manchurian Bureau, a Chinese-language, and a Chinese-language. The score is divided into ten, twenty, fifty, and one hundred. Jizhong divides five yuan and counts one or two. It is worth two or two yuan, and the weight is five or two; Jizhong has two series of weights and weights. Fujian Baofu Bureau is the only one of the unique varieties of ancient coins in China. Baofu Bureau has a special amount of money. Fujian Xianfeng’s heavy treasures count the “two or two money” big money, and the money face is the word “salty and heavy treasure”. The back of the money back reads the word “Baofu” from right to left and straight from top to bottom. Read the Chinese word "fifty"; the money back veranda is from left to right, from top to bottom, reading the Chinese word "two or five money". Qian Wen is a scorpion, with a pen and a strong show, the style is super-easy, there is a style of the early Tang dynasty; coins are cast as Seiko, the money wears the edge and the outer edge is generally a single-sided slope; the currency is mainly bronze, copper, and occasionally The brass is cast later. The product is not much in existence. Second, the wealth of Fujian Xianfeng was thicker than that of other bureaus in the country. Due to the lack of copper and the cost, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Finance and other provinces have made a lot of money to lose weight, but "Fujian is known as the squatting area", but generally does not lose weight, so the court praised Fujian for making money "effective" . In the fourth year of Xianfeng (AD 1854), on the third day of March, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, Wang Yude, said: "The province has been spending a lot of money for a long time, and it has not been taken as a part of the weight loss." Fujian Xianfeng Tongbao is backed by the Bureau of Literature and Literature. Chinese literature, "one hundred" big money, divided into large, medium and small, etc.; Qian Wen is a script, the strokes are smooth and pretty, the calligraphy is exquisite; the money is thick and heavy, the money wears the edge and the outer edge is generally a single-sided slope, money The diameter is 6.2~7.2cm, and the large and extraordinarily heavy ones are as high as 312.5g. Its weight even exceeds that of other bureaus when it is five hundred and ten thousand coins. The rumor is the thickest variety among ancient Chinese currency. This product is rare. Third, Fujian Xianfeng big money is mostly copper, mainly bronze, copper, occasionally brass, casters exquisite, Qian Wen more from the book of good books or masters It can be described as a dazzling battle, full of dazzling, deep in the attention and favor of the spring. In his editor-in-chief of "Xianfeng Quanhui", Ma Dingxiang said: "With the rich treasures of Wenbaofu, the upper and lower ranks, and the heavy treasures of the money and meat, there are ten in the present. The weight is five yuan, twenty. Two, fifty, two, two, five, one hundred, five, two, four, are rare, especially fifty, one hundred more rare. "Xianfeng big money for the history of the development of Chinese ancient coins wrote a brilliant A rich page also left a precious object for the collection and research of ancient spring culture.