古玩城2020精品推荐第九期：乾隆窑变釉花樽

乾隆时期瓷器的生产进入了最辉煌的时期。乾隆皇帝常有亲下谕旨指定瓷器器型、品种烧造之事。乾隆一朝瓷器的生产达到了历史的顶峰，品种之丰富，种类之多样，装饰之华丽，都是历朝所难以相比的。

The porcelain production in Qianlong period entered the most glorious period. Emperor Qianlong often gave orders to specify the type and variety of porcelain ware. The production of porcelain in Qianlong Dynasty reached the peak of history. The variety, variety and decoration of porcelain in Qianlong Dynasty were incomparable.

在五彩缤纷的颜色釉中，窑变釉瓷器以其斑斓的色彩，光滑莹润的釉面，吸引了大众的眼球。窑变釉，顾名思义，就是器物在窑里烧造的时候出现了意想不到的效果 。北宋时期出产的钧瓷为一种典型的窑变釉。当时的钧瓷胎体厚重，釉层肥厚呈乳浊状，不透明，釉色呈现玫瑰紫闪天青、天蓝为最珍贵，釉面存在细小棕眼和蚯蚓走 泥纹。明代时期，瓷器烧造过程中，无法预料窑变的发生，出产的窑变瓷器被人们认为是不祥的怪胎。

Among the colorful colored glazes, the glazed porcelain with its colorful color and smooth glaze surface has attracted the public's attention. As the name implies, the glaze of kiln changes is that the unexpected effect appears when the ware is fired in the kiln. Jun porcelain produced in the Northern Song Dynasty is a typical kiln glaze. At that time, Jun porcelain had a thick body, a thick glaze layer, which was opaque and opaque. The color of the glaze was rose purple, flashing, azure and sky blue. There were small brown eyes and earthworm walking mud patterns on the glaze surface. In the Ming Dynasty, porcelain was produced in a process that people could not foresee.

此乾隆窑变釉花樽，尺寸高23cm，腹18cm，口径4.5cm，底经9.5cm，重1299克。窑变佳器，外形俊秀挺拔，线条优美流畅，予人高贵静穆之美。釉色艳丽，垂流似霞若焰，典雅隽秀的器形与瑰丽明艳的窑变釉完美地结合，达到了“合于天造，厌于人意”的艺术境界。通体色泽有如红宝石之妍丽，红、蓝二彩斑斓交融，动感强烈，富于韵味，喻为“火焰红”。

The size of the vase is 23cm in height, 18cm in abdomen, 4.5cm in diameter, 9.5cm in bottom diameter and 1299g in weight. The kiln is a good ware with beautiful and straight appearance and beautiful and smooth lines, which gives people the beauty of noble and quiet. The glaze color is gorgeous, and the vertical flow is like a flame. The elegant and elegant shape of the ware is perfectly combined with the magnificent and bright glaze, which reaches the artistic realm of "conforming to the nature and disgusting with the people". The color of the whole body is like the beauty of ruby. The red and blue colors blend with each other. It is dynamic and full of charm. It is called "flame red".

色泽瑰丽明艳，紫、蓝、月白交织富于动态，红紫交融，蓝白相掩，纵横变化，无有穷竟，此等虚幻之景，惟画师为能状其微妙，惟文人为能闻其精深。

The color is magnificent and bright. Purple, blue and moon white are interwoven and dynamic. The red and purple blend, the blue and white cover each other, and there is no limit to the vertical and horizontal changes. Only the painter can describe the subtle scenery, but only the literati can hear the depth.

乾隆皇帝自幼深受胤祯的熏陶，追求风雅，于宋人之花事尤为钟情，每一次出宫巡幸各地，皆喜欢采摘沿途各式野花，点缀辇舆，增添意趣，还赋写 ：“饱参秋卉春葩，贮就常看不谢”。之句盛赞唐英新制的插花轿瓶。在清宫旧藏《弘历古装像图》之中，乾隆皇帝一手执笔，若有所思地坐在案前，左侧出现“旁有一瓶梅，横斜数枝入”的瓶花情景，极见逸意，由此观之，乾隆皇帝对赵宋风雅的刻意追求深深体现在花道之中。

Emperor Qianlong was deeply influenced by Yin Zhen when he was young. He pursued elegance. He was especially fond of flowers in Song Dynasty. Every time he went out to visit all over the country, he liked to pick all kinds of wild flowers along the way, decorate chariots and add interest. He also wrote: "when you are full of autumn flowers and spring flowers, you will always see them.". He praised Tang Yingxin's flower arranging sedan bottle. In the old picture of Hongli ancient costume collected by the Qing palace, Emperor Qianlong wrote a pen and sat thoughtfully in front of the case. On the left side, there was a vase of plum blossom beside it, with several branches in the horizontal direction. It is very easy to see that Emperor Qianlong's deliberate pursuit of the elegance of Zhao and Song Dynasties is deeply reflected in the flower ceremony.

窑变釉开创于我国陶瓷釉彩装饰的新途径，它突破了传统的单一色釉，是青瓷工艺的创新和突破，为中国陶瓷工艺美学开辟了一个新境界。宋代钧窑器稀少名贵，有“家有钱财万贯，不如钧窑一片”之说。钧窑等宋代名窑色釉瓷为世人所推崇，后世多极力仿烧。明清时期景德镇窑仿钧始于明宣德时期，清代雍正、乾隆两朝，复古之风盛行，仿宋代五大名窑的颜色釉瓷取得了辉煌成就。

The kiln changing glaze is a new way of ceramic glaze decoration in China. It breaks through the traditional single color glaze. It is the innovation and breakthrough of celadon technology and opens up a new realm for the aesthetics of Chinese ceramic technology. In the Song Dynasty, there are few famous kilns. Jun kiln and other famous kilns in Song Dynasty were highly praised by the world, and later generations tried to imitate firing. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jingdezhen kiln imitation Jun began in Xuande period of Ming Dynasty. In the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties of Qing Dynasty, the style of reviving the ancients prevailed. The color glaze porcelain imitated the five famous kilns of Song Dynasty made brilliant achievements.

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