古玩城2021精品推荐第一期：中华民国新疆迪化银币一两

迪化为乌鲁木齐的旧称。其实，乌鲁木齐最早就名为“乌鲁木齐”，意为蒙古语“优美的牧场”。后来乾隆皇帝征服回疆的准噶尔汗国叛乱后，于乾隆二十八年（1763年）定名迪化，寓意“开导教化”，各族人民和谐共处之意。新中国成立后，于1954年2月1日恢复乌鲁木齐市名。迪化局自1889年到1911年，经历了光绪和宣统两个皇帝，铸期为23年，所铸银币有“光绪银圆”、“迪化光绪银圆”和“饷银银币”等五种。

Di is the old name of Urumqi. In fact, Urumqi was first named "Urumqi", which means "beautiful pasture" in Mongolian. Later, after Emperor Qianlong conquered the rebellion of Junggar Khanate in Xinjiang, it was named Dihua in 1763, implying "Enlightenment" and harmonious coexistence of all ethnic groups. After the founding of new China, the name of Urumqi was restored on February 1, 1954. From 1889 to 1911, Dihua Bureau experienced two emperors, Guangxu and Xuantong, with a casting period of 23 years. There were five kinds of silver coins: "Guangxu silver coin", "Dihua Guangxu silver coin" and "pay silver coin".

迪化银元，分为民国六年（1917年）及民国七年（1918年）造两种，迪化局相继用维汉两种文字铸“壹两”银币。这种银币特点是在币面标明铸地,背面为阿拉伯图案花饰及察合台文,限本地使用,产量较少，因此市场潜力大，近年交易价格也有所攀高。钱币正面珠圈内为汉文“壹两”二字，圈内左右维文，上方为汉文“迪化银圆局造”，下方为汉文“中华民国六年”；背面珠圈内为维吾尔文“一两，乌鲁木齐”，圈外为双麦穗图案。由于当时的迪化局工艺落后，制币所用的老式冲压机吨位小，压力不足，造成所制银币图文浅平，局部不甚清晰，经常有边齿残缺不全、漏打等粗陋之处。

Dihua silver coins were made in 1917 and 1918 respectively. Dihua Bureau successively made "one liang" silver coins in Uygur and Chinese characters. The characteristics of this kind of silver coin are that the coin surface is marked with the place of casting, and the back is decorated with Arabic patterns and Chagatai characters. It is limited to local use, and the output is small. Therefore, the market potential is large, and the transaction price has risen in recent years. On the front of the coin, there are two characters in the bead circle, one liang in Chinese, left and right Uyghur in the circle, Dihua yinyuanjuzao in Chinese above and six years of the Republic of China in Chinese below; on the back of the coin, there are Uyghur characters in the bead circle, one or two in Urumqi, and double ears of wheat outside the circle. Due to the backward technology of Dihua bureau at that time, the tonnage of the old punch used in the coin making was small, and the pressure was insufficient, the picture and text of the silver coins were shallow and flat, and some parts were not very clear, and there were often incomplete side teeth, missing printing and other rough places.

此枚迪化银元其整体形状完整，内刻齿锯、图案清晰可见无太大磨损，银色发色自然，是具有很高市场收藏价值和艺术价值的珍品。

The overall shape of this Dihua silver coin is complete, and the carved tooth saw and pattern are clear and visible without too much wear. The silver hair color is natural. It is a treasure with high market collection value and artistic value.

民国六年迪化银圆局铸“壹两”银元，铸行仅一年,作为地区高面值流通币铸额甚少。1933年3月,国民政府正式实施“废两改元”政策,规定各地停止使用“壹两”的银币,以“壹圆”银币为主币并通行全国。新疆地处边陲,虽因历史人文因素和货币构成的特殊性没有立即废两改元,但在大量行用符合改制后的“壹圆”银币的同时逐步回收“壹两”银币,尤其是在1935年11月币制改革,废止银本位制,行用法币后,“两”制银币便彻底退出了流通领域。迪化“壹两”银元由于铸额少，又经过近20年的流通以及二次币制改革，真品皆回收殆尽，故存世罕见。

In the sixth year of the Republic of China, the di Hua Silver Circle bureau made "one two" silver yuan, which was cast for only one year, and the amount of circulating currency with high denomination was very small. In March 1933, the national government officially implemented the policy of "Abolishing two yuan into two yuan", which stipulated that the local governments should stop using the silver coins of "one two", and take "one yuan" silver as the main currency and pass the whole country. Xinjiang is located in the border area. Although the two yuan has not been abolished immediately due to the particularity of historical and cultural factors and currency composition, a large number of silver coins conforming to the reform of "one yuan" are used, and gradually recovered "one two" silver coins, especially in November 1935 reform of currency system, abolition of the silver standard system, and the use of French currency, the "two" system of silver coins has completely withdrawn from the circulation field. Due to the small amount of silver, and the circulation of nearly 20 years and the reform of the secondary currency system, the real products are all recycled, so it is rare to survive.

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